To regenerate light-sensitive rhodopsin in rods from active metarhodopsin II (Meta II), all-trans-retinal must be removed from the retinal binding pocket and metabolically supplied 11-cis-retinal has to form a new retinylidene bond in the active site. Recent work from this laboratory has focused on Meta II decay and release and uptake of retinals in opsin employing intrinsic protein fluorescenc...

Fig. 1. Plot of the magnitude of the velocity (upper left) and axial component (x-direction) of the stress (upper right) of a steady viscoelastic fluid flow in a simple planar channel with an enlargement (motivated by a simple model of a small arterial aneurysm). This component of the stress is the most pronounced at the entrance and exit of the enlargement. The magnitude of the shear stress (c...

An experimental study is conducted to show the effect of the change in bandwidth of light on the spectral degree of coherence at a pair of points in the cross section of a beam. For this purpose a polychromatic source and a monochromator with variable entrance and exit slits were used to produce a variable bandwidth source. The classic Young's interferometer was used to produce an interference ...

The transition between low and high density phases is a typical feature of systems with social interactions. This contribution focuses on simple evacuation design of one room with one entrance and one exit; four passing-through experiments were organized and evaluated by means of automatic image processing. The phase of the system, determined by travel time and occupancy, is evaluated with resp...

An intelligent control system for traffic signal lamp studied in this paper. The control core of this is a PLC. The ground induction coil is a sensor that is used to detect the quantity of cars through entrance and exit to calculate traffic flow, and then the time of the green light changed with real-time traffic conditions. In order to modify the internal parameters of the control system accor...

People tend to use the same door every time they enter and exit a building. When certain entrances are widely preferred over others, congestion can occur. This paper describes two interventions to persuade visitors to use another entrance. The first intervention used sensory deprivation (darkness), and the second used guidance paths. The first intervention on sensory deprivation had the expecte...

The behavior of the probability density function (PDF) transport equation at the limits of the probability space is studied from the point of view of fluid mechanics. Different boundary conditions are considered depending on the nature of the variable considered (velocity, scalar, and position). A study of the implications of entrance and exit conditions is performed, showing that a new term sh...

We show that a single rectangular hole in a metallic film exhibits transmission resonances that appear near the cutoff wavelength of the hole waveguide. For light polarized with the electric field pointing along the hole's short axis, it is shown that the normalized-to-area transmittance at resonance is proportional to the ratio between the long and short sides, and to the dielectric constant i...

A high resolution VUV spectroscopic facility has been in use for several years at SURF II, the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Gaithersburg, Maryland. At this facility, a combination of three cylindrical mirrors is utilized to focus the light originating in the storage ring onto the horizontal entrance slit of the spectrometer....