The overall achieved transmission for carbon ions through the injector linac at the Heidelberg ion therapy HIT did not ecxeed 30 % due to a mismatch of the beam at the RFQ entrance [1]. Thus a detailed upgrade programm has been started to exchange the RFQ with a new input radial matcher (IRM) design, to correct the misalignment and to optimize beam transport to the IHDTL. The aim is to achieve ...

the relationship between productivity of economic sectors, effective real exchange rate, and purchasing power is a burning economic issue. based on the “balassa – samuelson” theory, higher economic productivity for tradeable goods leads to an increase in effective real exchange rate which is indicative of higher value of domestic money and higher purchasing power of money. the purpose of this s...

In this paper, we examine whether a monetary authority targets the exchange rate, per se, or instead simply appears to do so as it responds to the exchange rate and other variables in service to inflation and output targets. We combine data-rich estimation with a system of forward-looking equations in order to disentangle the possibilities. The combined approach reveals the potentially misleadi...

We study whether the nonlinear behavior of the real exchange rate can help us account for the lack of predictability of the nominal exchange rate. We construct a smooth nonlinear error-correction model that allows us to test the hypotheses of nonlinear predictability of the nominal exchange rate and nonlinear behavior on the real exchange rate in the context of a fully specified cointegrated sy...

Two types of statistical models are empirically applied to test the pattern of volatility in the exchange rate markets. One considers the autoregressive models and tests the random walk hypothesis. The other considers the conditional variance process and tests the hypothesis of chaotic dynamics. Empirical results mostly support the random walk hypothesis and also the existence of Lorenz-type ch...

The behavior of exchange rate in various exchange markets is not seemingly predictable, while there are different forecasting methods to do so. One of these methods is to use fractals to identify exchange rate behavior. This paper has made attempts to explore the properties of fractals in Iran’s exchange market in order to it can predict and analyze the trend of exchange rate. Accordingly, th...