Human beings increase their productivity by specializing their resources and exchanging their products. The organization of exchange is costly, however, because specialized activities need coordination and incentives have to be aligned. This work first describes how these exchanges are organized in an institutional environment. It then focuses on the dual effect of this environment—as with any ...

Numerous self-assembling molecules have been synthesized aiming at mimicking both the structural and dynamic properties found in living systems. Here we show the application of hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) to unravel the nanoscale organization and the structural dynamics of synthetic supramolecular polymers in water. We select benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) deriv...

The dynamical organization of membrane-bound organelles along intracellular transport pathways relies on vesicular exchange between organelles and on the maturation of the organelle's composition by enzymatic reactions or exchange with the cytoplasm. The relative importance of each mechanism in controlling organelle dynamics remains controversial, in particular for transport through the Golgi a...

This paper seeks to establish the dynamics which exist in deal seeking forums. A model of consumer behavior regarding deals on the forum Slickdeals.net is proposed and tested. Further investigation is performed about user types and information exchange. From these investigations this paper proposes that consumer behavior on deal seeking forums is governed by the breakdown of users into influenc...

In the midst of a US $30 billion USD investment in the Nationwide Health Information Network (NwHIN) and electronic health records systems, a significant change in the architecture of the NwHIN is taking place. Prior to 2010, the focus of information exchange in the NwHIN was the Regional Health Information Organization (RHIO). Since 2010, the Office of the National Coordinator (ONC) has been s...

The virtual communities are settings for knowledge exchange, especially tacit knowledge. In large organizations, with branch offices or geographically dispersed functional units, knowledge exchange is generally restricted by the lack of convergence of people in the same physical space or schedule. In this investigation we have examined the behavior of the members of two virtual communities insi...

What causes distinct trajectories of market development? Why did the modern market economy, characterized by impersonal exchange, first emerge in the West? This paper presents a theory of market development and evaluates it based on the histories of England, China, and Japan. The analysis focuses on how distinct coercion-constraining institutions that secure property rights differentially inter...

1 GPI SpA, Via Ragazzi del ’99, 13, Trento, Italy, {garmellin, dbetti, achiasera, jstevovic, ttoai}@gpi.it 2 Information Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Trento, Italy, [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. Assistive processes in healthcare and socio-assistive domains typically span multiple institutions which usually communicate manually with the exchange...

The 20thcentury has produced a rich array ofmonetary experience. The experience can be organized in several different ways. One emphasizes the role ofgold in international monetary arrangements. Early in the century, domestic monies of major trading countries were convertible into gold at a pre-established fixed price, and gold coins circulated. Currently, governments do not set the price of go...

in this paper, we will review the foreign exchange market and will try to extract an exchange market pressure and an intervention index for iran by following the weymark (1995) approach to evaluate the central bank of iran’s exchange rate policy during 1368:q1 to 1391:q3. the estimation method employed, is the econometric technique known in the literature as the two-stage least squares (2sls).t...