Summary  Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a frequent finding in cases of facial trauma or dental malpractice, and legal claims for TMD damage have been increased over the years. Temporomandibular disorders assessment in the medical legal setting is complicated by the peculiarities of these disorders, whose symptoms are heterogeneous, fluctuant, and recognise a multifactorial origin. A syst...

Recent research studying the link between law and finance has concentrated on country-level investor protection measures and focused on differences in legal systems across countries and legal families. We use recent data on firm-level corporate governance rankings across 14 emerging markets and find that there is wide variation in firm-level governance across countries in our sample and that th...

In this paper I discuss the application of stochastic blockmodeling to the domain of legal opinions, and specifically to the end of classifying those legal opinions into topics. I begin by defining the basic social network problem and the stochastic blockmodel in Section 2. In Section 3 I introduce the problem of labeling legal opinions and discuss the particular features of this domain. Sectio...

Recent developments in the forensic sciences have confronted the field of legal reasoning with the new challenge of reasoning under uncertainty. Forensic results come with uncertainty and are described in terms of likelihood ratios and random match probabilities. The legal field is unfamiliar with numerical valuations of evidence, which has led to confusion and in some cases to serious miscarri...

We explore the notion of “verifiability” by analyzing a simple model of evidence production in contractual relationships with complete information. We characterize implementability in terms of the existence and form of “hard evidence.” We provide results on maximal and minimal evidence production that are, respectively, necessary and sufficient for implementation. We briefly discuss the relevan...

This chapter introduces the practitioner to basic legal principles and concepts relating to periodontal diagnosis, treatment, referral and the effects of emerging technologies on periodontal legal issues. An overview of periodontal evidence in the courtroom is also included. The biological foundation of periodontics is crucial to successful restorative dentistry. Indeed, knowledge of the interr...

Enhancing the legal system may hinder the development of some aspects of the financial sector in an economy characterized by financial repression. Using Chinese provincial data in the 1990s, we find that an enhanced legal system suppresses private investment, increases the private share of bank credit and bank competition, and has no effect on financial depth. We interpret those findings as evi...

Dilemmas about when psychiatric advance directives (PADs) should be overridden are complicated by conflicting legal frameworks that may nonetheless operate concurrently-a legal scheme based on decision-making capacity (or competency) set against a legal scheme based on civil commitment, in which the latter may "trump" the former. A single statute in which the strengths of both schemes are "fuse...

Cyber intrusions are rarely met with the most effective possible response, less for technical than legal reasons. Different rogue actors (terrorists, criminals, spies, etc.) are governed by overlapping but separate domestic and international legal regimes. Each of these regimes has unique limitations, but also offers unique opportunities for evidence collection, intelligence gathering, and use ...

It is widely understood that the operation of markets requires supporting legal structures. An emerging body of evidence on the importance of property rights and legal systems is in‡uencing policy debates and is allied to a resurgent interest in how institutions shape economic prosperity. This paper studies the argument that improving legal systems increases the extent to which wealth can be us...