The gut sac is a long-standing, widely used in vitro preparation for studying solute and water transport, and calculation of these fluxes requires an accurate assessment of volume. This is commonly determined gravimetrically by measuring the change in mass over time. While convenient this likely under-estimates actual net water flux (Jv) due to tissue edema. We evaluated whether the popular in ...

Experiments from other laboratories conducted with Leishmania donovani promastigote cells had earlier indicated that the plasma membrane Mg2+-ATPase of the parasite is an extrusion pump for H+. Taking advantage of the pellicular microtubular structure of the plasma membrane of the organism, we report procedures for obtaining sealed ghost and sealed everted vesicle of defined polarity. Rapid inf...

Appendix S2. Adult males of: a) the common noctule Nyctalus noctula; b) black-winged little yellow bat Rhogeessa tumida. S3. male buffy flower Erophylla sezekorni; detail of wet postorbital glandular area. S4. Frontal gland in an adult Commerson's roundleaf Macronycteris commersoni, natural state (a) and everted by researcher (b). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for content or fun...

conclusions the results showed that although the human gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in health in a normal concentration, fluctuation in their number (increase or decrease) is a possible factor in the appearance of major diseases. context the composition and function of the gut microbiota develop with their host from birth. the human microbiome, especially the gut microbiota, plays a crit...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is the most common type of dementia.AD includes 60_80% of dementia and most people with AD have more than 65 years old.AD causes losing neuronal activity by abnormal proteins. Plaques of beta-amyloid and tangles of “tau” protein can lead to AD. Recently evidence has found that AD may come from outside of central nerv...

purpose: to report a case of lacrimal sac lymphoma presenting with nasolacrimal obstruction. patient and findings: a 35-year-old woman presented with epiphoria and swelling of the left lacrimal sac area and cervical lymphadenopathy. she had undergone dacryocystorhinostomy (dcr) 6 months before. computed tomography demonstrated a lacrimal sac mass involving the nasal cavity. histopathologic exam...