Background: the most common symptoms experienced by women are Hot flashes are around the time of menopause. Many women are interested in herbal medicines because of fear of side effect of Hormone therapy. Objective: In this study, we seek to assess the effectiveness of herbal medicine on the recurrence of hot flash in menopausal women. Methods: The database of MEDLINE, Scopus, and the Co...

The name Primula or primrose is derived from the word primary or first, referring to the early growth and flowering in spring (Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium, 1976). More than 400 species of primula exist in the family Primulaceae (Griffiths, 1994). Other important horticultural genera in this family, besides primula, include pimpernel (Anagallis), rock jasmine (Androsace), persian violet, alpin...

Randomized controlled trials of the effects of the dietary supplement Efacal (Scotia Pharmaceuticals Plc, Guildford, Surrey, UK) v. Ca only on total body bone mineral density (BMD) and markers of bone turnover were conducted in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women separately. Total daily dose for 12 months for the Efacal groups was: Ca 1.0 g, evening primrose oil 4.0 g and marine fish oil 440 ...

Genetic variation in plants has broad implications for both the ecology and evolution of species interactions. We addressed how a diverse community of arthropod species covary in abundance among plant genotypes of a native herbaceous plant (Oenothera biennis ), and if these effects scale-up to shape the composition, diversity, and total abundance of arthropods over the entire lifetime of plants...