Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development strategy in Chinese rural areas is an indispensable part of national development strategies. This paper reviews the ICT framework in agriculture and rural areas launched by the Department of Agriculture in China. It compares the rural ICT policies and strategies between China and the European Union (EU). The ICT development strategy fra...

This article provides a fact sheet of the European Union (EU) agri-environmental indicator soil erosion. It consists of an overview of recent data, complemented by all information on definitions, measurement methods and context needed to interpret them correctly. The soil erosion article is part of a set of similar fact sheets providing a complete picture of the state of the agri-environmental ...

In their paper, Nikogosian and Kickbusch show how the effects of the adoption by the World Health Organization (WHO) of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) and its first Protocol extend beyond tobacco control and contribute to public health governance more broadly, by revealing new processes, institutions and instruments. While there are certainly good reasons to be optimisti...

Most of the literature has treated EU enlargement and the transition of Central and Eastern Europe, two of the most memorable events in recent history, as separate events. We argue that such separation is not warranted; it obfuscates an important fact, namely that the reform process in many Central and East European countries has taken a sui generis turn precisely because of the external EU opt...

Background: Development of EU guidelines Guideline (GL) in the pharmaceutical legislative framework represents a harmonised EU approach based on the most up-to-date scientific knowledge to facilitate planning the overall pharmaceutical product development, the preparation of applications for marketing authorisations by the pharmaceutical industry and the assessment, approval and control of medi...

In this paper we study Brain Drain (BD) and Fiscal Competition (FC) in a unified framework for the European Union (EU) specific context. Potential mobility of educated workers can increase the degree of FC through taxation or the provision of public education. An increase in FC can be caused by competition among different jurisdictions that aim to attract educated workers. When the importance o...

This paper provides an empirical analysis of the evidence of carbon leakage from the European primary aluminium industry during the first 6 ½ years of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). The findings suggest that while rising electricity prices in several major producer countries in the EU have played a critical role in the rise in net imports of EU primary aluminium into the ...

The external communication of the European Union (EU) suffers from the fact that the flow of information from the Europe of institutions to the Europe of citizens has until now had little success in inspiring popular political participation. This problem can be related to the politics of language in the EU. The paper begins with a discussion of two prominent views of the European problematic of...

This publication has been prepared by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) in the framework of the Phare project and is protected by copyright. The EMCDDA accepts no responsibility or liability for any consequences arising from the use of the data contained in this document. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official opinions of the ...

In the summer of 2001, the European Court of Justice ruled that patients in the European Union (EU) must be reimbursed for treatment in another EU state if the operation they need is recognised and they face delay in treatment in their own country1. The long waiting list in the UK means that many patients may well fulfil these criteria and, indeed, patients have already been sent to France and ...