BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are persistent and lifelong conditions. Despite this, almost all twin studies focus on childhood. This twin study investigated the stability of autistic traits from childhood to early adulthood and explored the degree to which any stability could be explained by genetic or environmental factors. METHODS Parents of over 2500 twin pairs completed quest...

Objective: To calculate the case fatality rate and etiological factors of malnutrition in children less than 05 years of age presenting to a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the admitted patients in the Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, during one and an half year period from January 2009 to June 2...

We report a case of subcutaneous fat necrosis of a newborn child which appeared 9 days after birth and was cured without any complications. We propose the reclassification of the etiological factors accompanying this lesion by classifying them in a plurietiological syndrome with some basic or essential factors and other causative factors.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks and is associated with several etiological factors related to genetics, anatomy, hormones, infections and immunology, for example. Many cases of RSA remain unclear. New factors or their associations may influence gestational results. The aim was to identify possibl...

Oral contraceptive (ORC)-related depression and irritability are among the most commonly reported drug-induced psychiatric symptoms. To investigate the etiological role of genetic factors in ORC-related symptoms, we studied questionnaire responses in 715 monozygotic and 416 dizygotic volunteer twin pairs concordant for ORC usage. Biometrical genetic analysis indicated that the liability to ORC-...

OBJECTIVE To compare risk of stunting at 5 years across etiological subgroups of small for gestational age (SGA) newborns. METHODS We analyzed data of a subsample (N = 1100) of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. We defined SGA as birth weight <10th percentile, then classified subjects into etiological subgroups by each of 8 risk factors (ie, maternal prepregnancy underweight...

OBJECTIVE Adolescent sex offenders (ASOs) are commonly considered a special kind of juvenile offender, with distinct risk and etiological factors from other adolescent offenders. However, a growing body of research suggests that ASOs are more similar to other adolescent non-sex offenders than they are different (e.g., Awad, Saunders, & Levine, 1984; Elliott, 1994; France & Hudson, 1993). The pu...

INTRODUCTION Spontaneous bladder rupture is a rare and serious event with high mortality. It is not often considered in the patient presenting with peritonitis. This often leads to delays in diagnosis. There are very few case reports of true spontaneous rupture in the literature. This is the first such reported case in which bladder rupture was attributable to neurogenic bladder dysfunction fol...