In the NIH Collaborative Perinatal Project, a prospective study of over 53,000 pregnant women and their offspring, 71 single-born children (13.33/10,000) were found to have a non-syndromal neural tube defect (NTD). A family history was present in only one case. The group of individuals with NTD was compared to a group of 400 randomly selected non-malformed control infants. Of over 50 maternal f...

The etiologic factors and mechanisms mediating IPV are both complex and the subject of ongoing dispute by researchers in the field. Known factors associated with increased risk for IPV include poverty, societal and individual views of gender relationships, relationship conflict, alcohol use, and societal views about the use of violence in conflict. The sequelae of IPV range from mental health i...

Researchers often use twins as natural samples to test hypotheses regarding the contribution of genetic factors to different phenotypes, especially diseases. The classical method is comparing traits in identical, or monozygotic (MZ) twins to those of dizygotic (DZ) twins. This method has had a significant impact on our current understanding of etiologic factors in many diseases which do not fol...

PURPOSE To assess the potential of a single-session multidetector computed tomography (CT) protocol, as compared with established methods, for the etiologic work-up of acute ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients found to have recently experienced an ischemic stroke were recruited for this prospective study after institutional review board approval was obtained. Each patient was sche...

This investigation tool is to provide a framework for evaluation and directed mitigation of lameness on dairies. Its focus is on free-stall and open-lot dairies in the West. The following further describes the investigation strategy and lists sources of more detailed information. Other investigation tools have been developed. The present investigation tool offers a format for ease of data colle...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe six cases of migrating azygos vein and to explain the etiologic factors that contribute to the migration. Six patients with migrating azygos vein were studied by MDCT before and after migration. Five patients had right pneumothorax. All patients had repeated episodes of cough, vomiting, and a short mesoazygos. CONCLUSION Pneumothorax, increa...

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the South American vector of Leishmania infantum, the etiologic agent of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Male L. longipalpis produce a sex-aggregation pheromone that is critical in mating, yet very little is known about its accumulation over time or factors involved in release. This laboratory study aimed to compare accumulation of pheromone over time and determine factors...