The convergent total synthesis of gambierol (1) is described. The octacyclic ether framework of 1 was constructed via the intramolecular allylation of alpha-chloroacetoxy ether followed by ring-closing metathesis. A modified Stille coupling was successfully applied to the synthesis of the triene side chain.

In developing countries pulmonary tuberculosis is usually diagnosed by detecting acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum using a Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) staining method. However, in the field the traditional method of staining is difficult to carry out. This study evaluates the efficiency of two cold staining methods, namely Gabbet’s and a modified two reagent cold staining method compared with the Z-N t...

BACKGROUND The purpose of the study was to evaluate the performance and feasibility of tuberculosis diagnosis by sputum microscopy after bleach sedimentation, compared with by conventional direct smear microscopy, in a setting of high prevalence of HIV. METHODS In a community-based study in Kenya (a population in which 50% of individuals with tuberculosis are infected with HIV), individuals w...

Methods This prospective study was done at NMC, Nellore from July 2008-December 2009. Samples received at microbiology lab for acid fast staining were included in this study. Smears were stained by Ziehl-Neelsen’s technique. Samples were cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media after processing by modified Petroff’s method and incubated according to CLSI guidelines. Identification of Mycobaterium tu...

Several methods have been evaluated for the separation of red cells of different ages on the basis of density differences. Simple sedimentation and flotation technics have been found to be unsatisfactory. Centrifugation, followed by a modified sampling procedure, has been demonstrated to provide excellent separation of erythrocyte populations of different ages. Standardization of centrifuge con...

The purpose of our survey is to estimate the frequency Cryptosporidium spp in dairy calves under 60 days age, pathogenic role development diarrhea, intervention and association other enteropathogens often involved neonatal diarrhea possible relationship between infection certain farming practices order share risk factors, on hand, compare modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method copro-ELISA test....