Abstract Streptomycetes have to cope with fluctuating nitrogen conditions in soil. Key enzymes metabolism streptomycetes are the two glutamine synthetases (GSs), GlnA and GlnII. We demonstrated that GlnA3 GlnA4, proteins previously annotated as GSs, involved utilization detoxification of polyamines ethanolamine. Homologs these present pathogenic Actinobacteria promising drug targets. designed a...

N-arachidonylethanolamine (AEA) accumulates during brain injury and postmortem. Because fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) regulates brain AEA content, the purpose of this study was to determine its role in the postmortal accumulation of AEA using FAAH null mice. As expected, AEA content in immediately frozen brain tissue was significantly greater in FAAH-deficient (FAAH-/-) than in wild-type mi...

The present study was undertaken to study the role of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in the biosynthesis of two major membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Incubation of rat hepatocytes with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), an activator of AMPK, produced dose-dependent inhibition of the incorporation of [(3)H]choline and [(3)H]eth...

Stimulation of protein kinase C (PKC) in a variety of cells causes enhanced catabolism of phosphatidylcholine [ 1,2]. Diacylglycerol (DAG) released from phosphatidylcholine turnover functions as a second messenger in plasma membranes activating PKC [3]. In the CNS at least, choline released extracellularly as a result of enhanced phosphatidylcholine (PC) turnover may provide free choline for ac...

Ethanolamine ammonia-lyase, an enzyme catalyzing the adenosylcobalamin-dependent deamination of ethanolamine, also catalyzes the conversion of L-2-aminopropanol to propionaldehyde and ammonia. In this reaction, tritium is transferred from enzyme’ IS’W]adenosylcobalamin to the C-l position of L-2-aminopropanol, as well as to the (Y carbon of the product aldehyde. The labeling pattern is consiste...

The development of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry has been critical for the analyses of lipidomes from subcellular organelles. The myocardial nuclear lipidome likely has a key role in the molecular regulation of gene expression. In fact, recent studies have suggested that specific phospholipid classes bind and regulate specific transcription factors. The dynamic regulation of the myo...

Anandamide amidase is the hydrolytic enzyme responsible for the breakdown of anandamide, an endogenous cannabimimetic, to arachidonate and ethanolamine. Another enzymatic activity called anandamide synthase catalyzes the reverse reaction, that is the condensation of arachidonate and ethanolamine. Using a recently cloned rat fatty acid amidohydrolase (FAAH), we tested the hypothesis that the syn...

Due to their high content in esterified arachidonic acid (AA), macrophages provide large amounts of eicosanoids during innate immune reactions. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a poor trigger of AA mobilization in macrophages but does have the capacity to prime these cells for greatly increased AA release upon subsequent stimulation. In this work, we have studied molecular mechanisms under...

While investigating the metabolism of ethanolamine by rat liver microsomes, we observed an incorporation of this amine into microsomal lipid that was dependent on the presence of a fatty acid as cosubstrate (1). It was shown that the product of the enzymatic reaction was the fatty acid amide of ethanolamine and that the reaction was synthetic, since little hydrolysis of added fatty acid amide c...

BACKGROUND Ethanolamine kinase (EK) catalyzes the phosphorylation of ethanolamine, the first step in the CDP-ethanolamine pathway for the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). Human EK exists as EK1, EK2α and EK2β isoforms, encoded by two separate genes, named ek1 and ek2. EK activity is stimulated by carcinogens and oncogenes, suggesting the involvement of EK in carcinogenesis. Curren...