The effects of estrogens on reproductive tissues and climacteric symptoms are unambiguous. However, their effects on other tissues and, in particular, the cardiovascular system remain controversial. In general, premenopausal women are protected from coronary heart disease (CHD) compared with aged-matched men but this ;female protection' appears to be lost after menopause, suggesting beneficial ...

BACKGROUND Prenatal estrogen exposure is thought to contribute to later life diseases such as breast cancer. However, few studies have directly measured prenatal estrogens and most have relied on proposed "markers" of estrogen exposure. We used a large population-based birth cohort to directly measure the relationship between prenatal estrogens and perinatal characteristics, including putative ...

CONTEXT Estrogens are thought to cause pancreatitis by raising triglyceride levels but whether there are other effects on the pancreas is debatable. OBJECTIVE To better elucidate the relationship between estrogens and pancreatitis and pancreatic function in a pilot study. DESIGN/SETTING/PATIENTS Our retrospectively collected database of 224 patients who had undergone secretin stimulation te...

Estrogens and anti-estrogens have striking effects on growth of target tissues in vivo. In order to examine these effects in vitro, experimental methods for the rigorous assessment of rates of net DMA synthesis in tissue culture systems are re quired. The quantitation of DNA synthesis with inorganic [32P]orthophosphate is described. The limitations of more con ventional [3H]thymidine labeling a...

Aromatase converts irreversibly androgens into estrogens and is present in the endoplasmic reticulum of various cells of mammalian testes ; at least in rodents, all testicular cells except peritubular cells express aromatase. In testis, high affinity estrogen receptors, ERalpha and/or ERbeta, together with a membrane rapid effect recently described, mediate the effects of estrogens. From the ex...

Evidence for a role of ovarian factors in the growth of metastatic breast cancer was first recognized over 100 years ago. Today, anti-estrogens are central to the treatment of breast cancer of all stages. We now understand that the action of estrogen is mediated by the estrogen receptors (ER) which are members of the nuclear receptor family of ligand-regulated transcription factors. In this art...

Estrogens and anti-estrogens have striking effects on growth of target tissues in vivo. In order to examine these effects in vitro, experimental methods for the rigorous assessment of rates of net DNA synthesis in tissue culture systems are required. The quantitation of DNA synthesis with inorganic [32P]orthophosphate is described. The limitations of more conventional [3H]thymidine labeling are...

Xenoestrogens can affect the healthy functioning of a variety of tissues by acting as potent estrogens via nongenomic signaling pathways or by interfering with those actions of multiple physiological estrogens. Collectively, our and other studies have compared a wide range of estrogenic compounds, including some closely structurally related subgroups. The estrogens that have been studied includ...

In the present experiment we evaluated the doseresponse effects of estrogen (estradiol benzoate; EB) and tamoxifen (TMX) in modulating the acute behavioral and chronic effects of methamphetamine (MA) upon the nigrostriatal dopaminergic (NSDA) system in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. EB over a range of doses from 1–40 Ìg resulted in a neuroprotective effect upon the NSDA system as defined by both a ...

OBJECTIVE A review of the medical literature concerning the effect of the menopause and its hormonal treatment on the skin. METHODS An extensive Medline and Pubmed internet search utilizing the key words: collagen, elastin, estrogen, hormone replacement therapy, skin and aging. RESULTS The literature review demonstrated a wide array of research ranging from basic science work to clinical im...