the present paper deals with criminal issues. for example, legal injunction on the necessity of returning a deposit has a legal nature and legal injunction on the punishment of those who breach the trust has a criminal nature. existing social issues are the basis of classification of some instances into the issue, some of which are based on variation and others on quality. therefore, the motiva...

en 1734 paraissent à londres, puis en france, les lettres anglaises, intitulées ensuite lettres philosophiques. cest lors de son exil en angleterre que voltaire en a conçu lidée, et a commencé de les rédiger. louvrage est condamné par le parlement de paris, et lauteur doit se réfugier en lorraine pour éviter la prison. les lettres présentent, en effet, à travers léloge des institutions anglais...

section{introduction} the concept of {sl cartan geometry} appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century, when {e}lie cartan was working on the so-called {sl equivalence problem}, the aim of which is to determine whether two given geometric structures can be mapped bijectively onto each other by some diffeomorphism. this problem can be considered in many different contexts, such as ...

abstract the variables affecting the nature of reading comprehension can be classified into two general categories: reader’s variables, and text variables (alderson, 2000). despite the wave of research on vocabulary knowledge as reader’s variable, the role of this knowledge in c-test as a text-dependent test and its interaction with lexical cohesion of the test as a text feature has remained a...

The present study investigated the relationship between the reading comprehension of three types of text and the gender of Iranian EFL learners. To this end, several reading passages with the same length and readability were selected based on which a reading comprehension test was constructed on three different text types namely essay, history, and short story. After determining the validity an...

today, information technology and computers are indispensable tools of any profession and translation technologies have become an indispensable part of translator’s workstation. with the increasing demands for high productivity and speed as well as consistency and with the rise of new demands for translation and localization, it is necessary for translators to be familiar with market demands an...

esprit nouveau reflet d’une nouvelle culture. l’esprit nouveau ne sera pas renoncement au lyrisme, au contraire il veut être un lyrisme « accordé » (au sens musical de ce terme), aux images, aux rythmes, aux sons et aux bruits du monde moderne. c’est le lieu de rencontre et d’échange entre l’âme et le monde extérieur .ce n’est plus principalement la nature extérieure, mais le monde des villes...