BACKGROUND The exact mechanism that explains the phenomenon of cold intolerance in patients with angina remains controversial. Although the response to the effects of a cold environment has been examined in these patients, their response to cold air inhalation has produced conflicting results. In addition, the possible role of vasoactive peptides in the pathophysiology has not been explored. ...

BACKGROUND Higher blood pressure (BP) values in cold than in hot months has been documented in hypertensives. These changes may potentially contribute to the observed excess winter cardiovascular mortality. However, the association with weather has always been investigated by considering the relationship with a single variable rather than considering the combination of ground weather variables ...

It is well known that deaths from myocardial and cerebral infarction occur more frequently in the winter months and cold weather than in the summer (Rose, 1966; Rogot and Blackwelder, 1970; Ohno, 1969; Ohno et al., 1970). The death rates from both conditions are highly correlated with air temperature but it is argued by some (Anderson and le Riche, 1970) that the association is indirect and ari...

A strong East Asian cold surge (SEACS) is one of the most distinct extreme weather events that can promote an improvement in local air quality. Combining East Asian atmospheric circulation with the air pollution index (API) datasets of 47 major cities throughout mainland China in 11 winter half-years (November–March) during 2001/2002–2011/2012, we investigated the influence of 39 SEACSs in conj...

The Common Land Model (CLM), which results from a 3-yr joint effort among seven land modeling groups, has been coupled with the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Climate Model (CCM3). Two 15-yr simulations of CCM3 coupled with CLM and the NCAR Land Surface Model (LSM), respectively, are used to document the relative impact of CLM versus LSM on land surface climate. It is...

introduction recently, the presence of residents and their behavior in the urban space have become so important that manycontemporary urban theorists view the presentera as the “turn of urban space and what is happening in it”. the importance of urban behaviors and activities could be discussed from different points of view. in the contemporary literature of urban design, the mutual interaction...

Winter survial during an annual cycle of temperateand boreal-zone woody perennials is a multicomponent response. Two of these components are: (1) the timing, rate, and extent of cold acclimation (CA; Box 1), and (2) plants’ ability to sufficiently maintain its freezing tolerance (FT) until the danger of killing frosts is passed which is determined by, among other factors, plants’ ability to res...

The various precipitation types formed within winter storms (such as snow, wet snow and freezing rain) often lead to very hazardous weather conditions. These types of precipitation often occur during the passage of a warm front as a warm air mass ascends over a cold air mass. To address this issue further, we used a one-dimensional kinematic cloud model to simulate this gentle ascent (≤10 cm/s)...