present paper is a translation of the travelogue of sefer muratowicz, the armenian-origin polish merchant and traveler who made a journey to persia in 1602. apart from translation, we would provide, in present article, some codicological information and a content review.  because one of the travelogue versions has been corrected by tadeusz juda krusiński, his footnotes are cited as well. in pre...

Quaternary ammonium ions were applied to the inside of single myelinated nerve fibers by diffusion from a cut end. The resulting block of potassium channels in the node of Ranvier was studied under voltage-clamp conditions. The results agree in almost all respects with similar studies by Armstrong of squid giant axons. With tetraethylammonium ion (TEA), pentyltriethylammonium ion (C(5)), or non...

15 16 The degassing of magmatic volatiles during eruptions beneath ice sheets and glaciers, 17 as recorded by the dissolved volatile content quenched in volcanic rocks, could 18 provide powerful new constraints on former ice thicknesses in volcanic areas. As 19 volcanic rocks are readily dateable using radiometric methods, subglacial volcanoes 20 may therefore provide crucial information on the...

Phylogeographical studies have suggested that several plant species on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) underwent recolonization during the Quaternary and may have had distinct range dynamics in response to the last glacial. To further test this hypothesis and locate the possible historical dispersal routes, we selected 20 plant species from different parts of the TP and modeled their geographical dist...

The Himalayan and Tibetan highlands (mountains), with high rates of physical erosion, are extreme settings for earth surface processes, generating one the largest recent terrigenous detritus organic carbon discharges to ocean. However, their significance respect global climate cycles during Quaternary is still unclear, especially in quantitative terms. Here, we present comprehensive records con...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with worse outcome in the acute phase of acute illness but also in the chronic phase. In a large Danish study in this issue of Critical Care, 1-year mortality was higher in patients with AKI than in patients without AKI. Mortality was most important during the first 50 days after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), whereas after 2 months the survi...