Hyperimmunization of horses with specific antigens to harvest antisera is associated with high incidence of liver amyloidosis. The histopathologic examination is the gold standard method for diagnosis of the hepatic amyloidosis. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the clinical manifestations and serum values of appropriate chemical constituents due to liver injury, provide the...

OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical syndrome associated with definite tiger snake (Notechis spp) envenoming and to examine the ability of tiger snake antivenom (TSAV) to bind free venom in vivo. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We conducted a prospective cohort study within the Australian Snakebite Project, reviewing all definite tiger snake envenoming cases between October 2004 and June 2011...

BACKGROUND Current therapy for crotaline snakebite includes antivenin (Crotalidae) polyvalent, an antivenom with numerous adverse effects. We compared the efficacy and safety of 2 dosing regimens with a new antivenom, Crotalinae polyvalent immune Fab (Fab AV). METHODS A single dose of Fab AV alone (as-needed [PRN] group) was compared with an initial dose plus repeated treatments during 18 hou...

Snakebite envenoming is a neglected public health challenge of compelling importance in many regions of the world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, Asia, Latin America and Papua-New Guinea. Addressing the problem of snakebite effectively demands an integrated multifocal approach, targeting complex problems and involving many participants. It must comprise: (a) Acquisition of reliable informatio...

BACKGROUND Russell's viper envenoming is a major problem in South Asia and causes venom induced consumption coagulopathy. This study aimed to investigate the kinetics and dynamics of venom and clotting function in Russell's viper envenoming. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In a prospective cohort of 146 patients with Russell's viper envenoming, we measured venom concentrations, international n...

conclusions hemiscorpius lepturus venom in sheep can cause severe changes in some of the coagulation factors. this should be considered as part of the pathogenesis of scorpion sting and seriously in the treatment protocol of scorpion sting victims. results in the studied groups, the effect of time on pt and platelets counts was significant (p < 0.05); however, it did not have a significant effe...

Equine infectious anemia is an equine disease caused by equine infectious anemia virus, which was first reported in 1840. Equine infectious anemia virus research in China started in the 1960s, focusing on etiology, pathology, diagnosis, and immunology. Notably, in 1978 an attenuated vaccine was successfully developed for equine infectious anemia virus, effectively preventing equine infectious a...

UNLABELLED Recent advances in proteomics enable deep profiling of the compositional details of snake venoms for improved understanding on envenomation pathophysiology and immunological neutralization. In this study, the venom of Australian tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) was trypsin-digested in solution and subjected to nano-ESI-LCMS/MS. Applying a relative quantitative proteomic approach, the ...

BACKGROUND The 20-min whole blood clotting test (WBCT20) is widely used for the identification of coagulopathy in snake envenoming, but its performance in practice has not been evaluated. AIM We aimed to investigate the diagnostic utility of the WBCT20 for coagulopathy in Russell's viper envenoming. DESIGN Prospective observational study. METHODS Adult patients with snake envenoming were ...

BACKGROUND Snakebite has recently been declared a global public health emergency. Empirical data showing the true burden of snakebite is lacking. Treatment with specific antivenoms is considered the only cure. However, several factors have led to an ongoing antivenom crisis. This study offers recommendations concerning the improvement of antivenom access and control, by providing an overview of...