A thermodynamic modeling for the vapor–liquid equilibrium of binary systems of supercritical fluids and ionic liquids is presented. The van der Waals mixing rules and a cubic equation of state are used to evaluate the fugacity coefficient on the systems. Then, a particle swarm algorithm was used to minimize the difference between calculated and experimental bubble pressure, and calculate the in...

The ketoenamine-enolimine tautometic equilibrium has been studied by the analysis of aromaticity and electron-topological parameters. The influence of substituents on the energy of the transition state and of the tautomeric forms has been investigated for different positions of chelate chain. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules method (QTAIM) has been applied to study changes in the electr...

We present a detailed study of chemical freeze-out in nucleus-nucleus collisions at beam energies of 11.6, 30, 40, 80 and 158A GeV. By analyzing hadronic multiplicities within the statistical hadronization approach, we have studied the strangeness production as a function of centre of mass energy and of the parameters of the source. We have tested and compared different versions of the statisti...

I study a class of stochastic games of bargaining and coalition formation with finite state space and continuous agreement sets. Equilibria may involve mixing on the part of proposers and coalition partners and the possibility of delay, and can support the entire spectrum of feasible coalitions. After removing inconsequential multiplicities of equilibrium, I establish that outside a closed, mea...

Mammalian tissues contain networks and ordered arrays of collagen fibrils originating from the periodic self-assembly of helical 300 nm long tropocollagen complexes. The fibril radius is typically between 25 to 250 nm, and tropocollagen at the surface appears to exhibit a characteristic twist-angle with respect to the fibril axis. Similar fibril radii and twist-angles at the surface are observe...

Many insects and other arthropods harbor maternally inherited bacteria inducing "cytoplasmic incompatibility" (CI), reduced egg hatch when infected males mate with uninfected females. CI-causing infections produce a frequency-dependent reproductive advantage for infected females. However, many such infections impose fitness costs that lead to unstable equilibrium frequencies below which the inf...

In order to accurately simulate the game behaviors of the market participants with bounded rationality, a new dynamic Cournot game model of power market considering the constraints of transmission network is proposed in this paper. The model is represented by a discrete differential equations embedded with the maximization problem of the social benefit of market. The Nash equilibrium and its st...

The major part of the difference between the zero-point and equilibrium moment of inertia of a molecule is a homogeneous function of degree 12 in the atomic masses. The use of explicit mathematical models of is studied here as a means of determining near-equilibrium molecular structures from the zero-point moments of inertia of a range of isotopomers. It is found that models with more than two ...

A quantitative study of the variation of the conformational equilibria of 7-benzyl-2-iodo-9-oxa-7-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-one 1 in 10 solvents has been carried out. The experimental composition in each solvent has been obtained from experimental NMR vicinal H-H coupling constants together with molecular modeling. The solvent properties, particularly polarity and hydrogen bonding ability, were ...

For nonnegative real numbers α, β, γ , A, B, and C such that B C > 0 and α β γ > 0, the difference equation xn 1 α βxn γxn−1 / A Bxn Cxn−1 , n 0, 1, 2, . . . has a unique positive equilibrium. A proof is given here for the following statements: 1 For every choice of positive parameters α, β, γ , A, B, and C, all solutions to the difference equation xn 1 α βxn γxn−1 / A Bxn Cxn−1 , n 0, 1, 2, . ...