abstract the first purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consciousness-raising (c-r) activities on learning grammatical structures (simple present tense in this case) by iranian guidance school efl learners. the second one was to investigate the effect of gender on learning the simple present tense through c-r activities and tasks. finally, this study aimed to investigate the ...

Background and purpose: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with the prevalence of about 2.5 million people worldwide about half of these patients have reported having trouble in sleeping. This study aimed to investigate the rate of sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study on patients...

methodology non-native participants in this study were sixty ba students majoring in english literature and teaching english as a foreign language at khayyam university of mashhad. they were senior students, between 21 to 24 years old, who had studied english for at least three and a half years and had passed several courses including grammar, reading, conversation, and writing. this was assum...

the aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship among efl learners learning style preferences, use of language learning strategies, and autonomy. a total of 148 male and female learners, between the ages of 18 and 30, majoring in english literature and english translation at islamic azad university, central tehran were randomly selected. a package of three questionnaires was ad...

Background: Several treatments have been proposed to control Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Fingolimod is the first oral medication for the disease that was approval by Food and Drug Administration American (FDA) since 2010 and is produced in Iran from October 2013. The aim of this study was evaluation of the effect of fingolimod on the number of brain plaque in multiple sclerosis patients before and...