G2 → M transition is a strategic target for glioma chemotherapy. Key players in G2 → M transition include CDC2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), which are highly regulated by posttranslational phosphorylation. This report is a morphological analysis of CDC2 and GSK3β phosphorylation using immunohistochemistry in gliomas with different biological properties. GBM showed a 2.8-fold and 5.6-...

analysis. The object of the study was to identify factors influencing outcome. Special attention was paid to those children with medulloblastoma. The average age was 6,7 years for the whole series (range 6 weeks to 15 years). In comparison to national series astrocytomas are over-represented (46.2%) and ependymomas (8.5%) under-represented. However the American Surveillance Epidemiological Eval...

We report a rare case of extraneural metastasis of spinal ependymoma that developed over a very long period. A 28-year-old man underwent surgery for ependymoma in the cauda equina. After he experienced three local recurrences and had undergone five operations, a lung metastasis occurred 46 years after the first operation. Although the tumor did not show the typical morphological malignancy, the...

BACKGROUND Outcomes projects can be a catalyst for determining disease- and treatment-related consequences for patients with rare tumors. The Adult Ependymoma Outcomes (AEO) survey uses self-reported experience to evaluate how this tumor affects patient groups throughout the illness trajectory. METHODS Patients completed the AEO survey via a Web-based portal. The survey included questions on ...

BACKGROUND We report a rare case of aneurysmal dilatation of filum terminale artery after resection of filum terminal myxopapillary ependymoma. CASE DESCRIPTION The authors report a rare aneurysmal dilatation of the filum terminale artery following removal of a filum terminal myxopapillary ependymoma in a 10-year-old male. The patient presented with 6-month history of increasing back pain wit...

OBJECTIVE Ependymomas are usually intramedullary tumors. Extradural presentation with invasion of surrounding tissues is extremely rare. We present a case of a sacral ependymoma with extensive local invasion and bony destruction. CASE DESCRIPTION A 53 year old woman with lumbosacral pain, perineal paresthesias and sphincter dysfunction. MRI and CT demonstrated a giant expansive lesion from S2...

Supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymomas are extremely rare. We report the case of a 23-year-old male with a supratentorial extraventricular anaplastic ependymoma that presented with repeated intratumoral hemorrhage. The patient was diagnosed with an intracerebral hematoma in the left occipital lobe and underwent operation. The hematoma did not reveal tumor cells, but a new tumor ...

A 50-year-old female complained of back pain. Computed tomography showed a well-defined spindle-shaped mass 3.4 x 1.0 cm in size in the left paravertebral posterior mediastinum at the Th 3-4 level. The tumor was completely resected via thoracoscopic surgery, which showed no invasion into the surrounding tissue. It consisted of a cyst with a tiny mural solid element. By means of histological and...