the debate whether esp teachers need to have knowledge of the specialized field they are teaching has been an issue in the literature over the last two decades. the aim of conducting this study was to explore iranian learners’ and instructors’ beliefs and attitudes concerning the role of specialized knowledge in teaching esp classes. a seventeen item questionnaire was administered to 400 esp le...

flow in natural river bends is a complex and turbulent phenomenon which affects the scour and sedimentations and causes an irregular bed topography on the bed. for the reason, the flow hydralics and the parameters which affect the flow to be studied and understand. in this study the effect of bed and wall roughness using the software fluent discussed in a sharp 90-degree flume bend with 40.3cm ...

abstract foreign and iranian cultures are far distinct in the constraints imposed on writing and translating for children, since the iranian literary system is mainly concerned with cultural and religious instructions which lead to manipulation of translated texts. this study sought to identify the cultural and social constraints and norms which determined the strategies applied in the transl...

Introduction and Background: Stress is one of the most important mental disorders. The issue, which has been ignored so far, is the impact of the built environment on mental health indices. Aims: The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between housing quality indices and citizens' mental health in a case study of MoftAbad and Mardavij neighborhoods of Isfahan city. M...

with the growth of more humanistic approaches towards teaching foreign languages, more emphasis has been put on learners’ feelings, emotions and individual differences. one of the issues in teaching and learning english as a foreign language is demotivation. the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the components of language learning strategies, optimism, duration o...

Purpose: This study investiges the level of organizational Sociability  among librarians  in comparison with organizational socialization of other staff in the organization of libraries, museums and documents center of Astane Qudse Razavi.   Methodology: The present study was conducted through a survey method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees (including 625 ...