Environmental perturbations are unavoidable in the propagation of infectious diseases. In this paper, we introduce stochasticity into susceptible–infected–recovered (SIR) model via parameter perturbation method. The stochastic disturbances associated with disease transmission coefficient and mortality rate presented two perturbations: Gaussian white noise Lévy jumps, respectively. This idea pro...

A key idea in motor learning is that internal models of environmental dynamics are internally represented as functions of spatial variables including position, velocity, and acceleration of body motion. We refer to such a representation as motion dependent. The evidence for a motion-dependent representation is, however, primarily based on examination of the adaptation to motion-dependent dynami...

The role of environmental perturbation in shaping human society and culture has received increasing attention of late, attention that reflects a growing sense that global environmental changes currently underway will have unpredictable and potentially disastrous consequences in local contexts (e.g. Beck 1992; Caplan 2000; Grove and Chappell 2000; Haberle and Chepstow Lusty 2000; Hester and Harr...

The Auk, Vol. 129, Number 1, pages 1−7. ISSN 0004-8038, electronic ISSN 1938-4254.  2012 by The American Ornithologists’ Union. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, http://www.ucpressjournals. com/reprintInfo.asp. DOI: 10.1525/auk.2012.129.1.1 1E-mail...

Telomeres are regarded as markers of biological or cellular ageing because they shorten with the degree of stress exposure. Accordingly, telomere lengths should show different rates of change when animals are faced with different intensities of environmental challenges. However, a relationship between telomere length and the environment has not yet been tested within a natural setting. Here, we...