the aim of this paper is to review the created problems and failure of environmental design patterns in designing process by designers. not respectfully addressing the context of environment during designing process have resulted in the loss quality of environment, damage to both nature and essence of environment as manifested in the case study area. methodology of the research was based on the...

An increasing number of firms with a foothold in the Netherlands try to implement ‘corporate social responsibility’. This article considers these efforts in the light of the changing relation between the state and society. It analyses the processes of learning that were induced by the programme ‘From financial to sustainable profit’ of the Dutch National Initiative for Sustainable Development (...

In this chapter, we will consider several of the major statistical concepts used in behavioral genetics and then provide an overview of the major methods used to estimate them. First, we explain in English the six important concepts in quantitative behavioral genetics: (1) heritability, (2) environmentability, (3) genetic correlation, (4) environmental correlation, (5) gene-environment interact...

Selection bias is a common concern in epidemiologic studies, particularly case-control studies. Selection bias in the odds ratio occurs when participation depends jointly on exposure and disease status. General results for understanding when selection bias may affect studies involving gene-environment interactions have not yet been developed. In this paper, the authors show that the assessment ...

The use of a reference control panel in genome-wide association studies is an interesting solution to the problem of how to reduce costs. In such designs, data on relevant environmental factors are usually collected only in cases, making it more difficult to deal with potential gene-environment interactions when testing for genetic association. However, under certain circumstances, neglecting a...

Recent research has suggested that the social environment can moderate the expression of genetic influences on health and that genetic influences can shape an individual's sensitivity to the social environment. Evidence supports 4 major mechanisms: genes can influence an individual's response to environmental stress, genes may enhance an individual's sensitivity to both favorable and adverse en...

................................................................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 4 FLYNN EFFECT CAUSAL THEORIES ...................................................................................... 8 PSYCHOM...