Enrichments of critical metals in ferromanganese (Fe–Mn) nodules have received increasing attention both deep-sea research and mineral exploration. To better assess the controls on resource potential Fe–Mn nodules, we conducted a comprehensive detailed study twelve from Philippine Sea collected water depths 4400 to 6000 m by investigating their microstructures, bulk geochemistry, situ oxyhydrox...

The fallacy of ignoring qualifications, or secundum quid et simpliciter, is a deceptive strategy that pervasive in argumentative dialogues, discourses, and discussions. It consists misrepresenting an utterance so its meaning broadened, narrowed, simply modified to pursue different goals, such as drawing specific conclusion, attacking the interlocutor, generating humorous reactions. “secundum qu...

This survey constitutes a literature study that overviews the state-of-the-art in multimedia search. Techniques that are covered include multimodal re-ranking, pseudo-relevance feedback, query classification and query suggestion. Discussion of the techniques will be related to the various relevance criteria that have been addressed in the literature. The survey will set particular focus on tech...

At the heart of intuitionistic type theory lies an intuitive semantics called the “meaning explanations”; crucially, when meaning explanations are taken as definitive for type theory, the core notion is no longer “proof” but “verification”. We’ll explore how type theories of this sort arise naturally as enrichments of logical theories with further judgements, and contrast this with modern proof...

The concept of fibring is extended to higher-order logics with arbitrary modalities and binding operators. A general completeness theorem is established for such logics including HOL and with the meta-theorem of deduction. As a corollary, completeness is shown to be preserved when fibring such rich logics. This result is extended to weaker logics in the cases where fibring preserves conservativ...

Meshfree methods with discontinuous radial basis functions and their numerical implementation for elastic problems are presented. We study the following radial basis functions: the multiquadratic (MQ), the Gaussian basis functions and the thin-plate basis functions. These radial basis functions are combined with step function enrichments directly or with enriched Shepard functions. The formulat...