A number of studies suggest that globalization and trade liberalization in developing countries have increased returns to education and inequality. A key question is whether this will lead to changes in factor supplies that mitigate this inequality. I study how Indian trade liberalization in the early 1990s impacted human capital investment by exploiting variation in English learning costs acro...

english for academic purposes (eap) is a significant part of the curriculum in iranian universities. however, it seems that eap programs have been developed without a systematic needs analysis. the purpose of this study was assessing the present and target situation needs of two groups of undergraduates of computer science. a total of 320 students and 44 instructors participated in this triangu...

assessing learners' needs is an integral part of any curriculum and course design , namely english for specific purposes (esp), syllabus design, materials development, teaching methods and testing issues. critical approach to needs analysis, which is a relatively recent approach, acknowledges the rights of different stakeholders including teachers, students and administrators in the process of ...

background: testing and teaching are interrelated in education process; using various kinds of tests, teachers are able to anticipate the strong and weak points of learning in students, their progress and their accomplishment. the influence of test on teaching and learning is commonly referred to as washback. testing washback is a twisted concept that becomes even more complex under a various i...

This paper presents some considerations on the use of Synchronous T AGs for the design of a structural transfer module, which is the main component of transfer-based systems for Machine Translation. The transfer module establishes the correspondences between the structural representation of both the source and target languages. A study of a corpus from Economics was carried out in order to defi...

BACKGROUND Over the past three decades, a limited range of market like mechanisms have been introduced into the hierarchically structured English National Health Service ('NHS'), which is a nationally tax funded, budget limited healthcare system, with access to care for all, producing structures known as a quasi market. Recently, the Health and Social Care Act 2012 ('HSCA') has been enacted, in...