background: one area of nanoscience deals with nanoscopic interactions between nanostructured materials and biological systems. to elucidate the effects of the substrate surface morphology and viscoelasticity on cell proliferation, fractal analysis was performed on endothelial cells cultured on nanocomposite samples based on silicone rubber (sr) and various concentrations of organomodified nano...

the electro discharge machining (edm), one of the methods used in the machining industry and a non-traditional manufacturing method, the electro erosion process does not depend on the hardness of material and offers a way to process materials of very complex geometry with very fine and high precision by using cheap electrode materials, which make it a preferred method. in this study, effect of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of esterification via acetic or propionic anhydride on the surface roughness of eastern cottonwood. Eastern cottonwood (Populous deltoides) was esterified by using acetic or propionic anhydride without using any solvent or catalyst under different conditions. Two different weight percentage gains (WPGs) were obtained for each of the modifying ...

The present paper deals with a view of the availability of high-speed sensor profilers, which has given dramatically increased possibilities to analyze imperfections in pavement surfaces such as roughness. Technical parameters of such profilers, for sensing and analyzing pavement surface profile are described. In addition, the main investigation concentrates on the evolutional process of paveme...

Surface heterogeneities, including roughness, significantly affect the adsorption, motion and interactions of particles at fluid interfaces. However, a systematic experimental study, linking surface roughness to particle wettability at a microscopic level, is currently missing. Here we synthesize a library of all-silica microparticles with uniform surface chemistry, but tuneable surface roughne...

The synchronization index model of sensory dissonance and roughness accounts for the degree of phase-locking to a particular frequency that is present in the neural patterns. Sensory dissonance (roughness) is defined as the energy of the relevant beating frequencies in the auditory channels with respect to the total energy. The model takes rate-code patterns at the level of the auditory nerve a...

We have addressed the role of occipital and somatosensory cortex in a tactile discrimination task. Sight-ed and congenitally blind subjects rated the roughness and distance spacing for a series of raised dot patterns. When judging roughness, intermediate dot spacings were perceived as being the most rough, while distance judgments generated a linear relation. Low-frequency rTMS applied to somat...

diesel engine emission standards are being more stringent as it gains more publicity in industry and transportation. hence, designers have to suggest new controlling strategies which result in small amounts of emissions and a reasonable fuel economy. to achieve such a target, multi-objective optimization methodology is a good approach inasmuch as several types of objective are minimized or maxi...

various combustion characteristics and properties are studied while selecting a fuel for any engine. the choice of the engine and fuel are highly interrelated. vegetable oil is one obvious fuel particularly because their fuel properties are closer to diesel fuel. two important properties, the cetane number and the calorific value are similar to diesel. hence diesel engines can be operated on ve...

in this study, a numerical simulation using the cfd software, fluent, has been conducted to examine the effect of various shapes of the venturi component sections in order to find the optimum venturi specifications to increase the egr rate with minimum pressure loss at the part load operation range. the cfd results reveal that the venturi should be precisely optimized to introduce the required ...