For the valuation of the renewable energy investments, providing private investors with a financial incentive to accelerate their investment is a very significant issue. Financial subsidies are known by the majority of the people to be one of the most important drivers in renewable energy expansion and one of the main reasons which result in the development of any industry. In this paper, we pr...

Nations or regions with limited electrical grid and restricted financial resources are a suitable market for small medium power plants with a size of 300–400 MWe. The literature presents several comparisons about the economics of large power plants (of about 1000 MWe); however there are not probabilistic analysis regarding the economics of small medium power plants. This paper fills this gap co...

Rapidly declining gasoline prices from their record high during the summer of 2008, while ethanol prices remained relatively high, made it difficult for many bio-fuel policy modelers to fully explain the impacts of U.S. bio-fuel policies on fuel prices. Using profitmaximization models for blenders, refiners, and distillers, we conduct a comparative static analysis to measure the relative magnit...

F or several decades, the selection of a proper tax base has been among the most serious concerns for the economic policy makers. The computable general equilibrium models analysis provides a comprehensive framework for the investigation of the effects of the adopted policies on the economy of a country. In the present study, using a static computable general equilibrium, the effects of tax ref...

Background: Value added tax as an indirect tax is one of the effective sources of government tax revenue and the study of its economic effects is the focus of many economic studies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the effect of VAT on the stability of the public sector economy in Iran with the approach of promoting tax ethics and culture. Method: The present study was ...

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 123 I. BACKGROUND DISCUSSION OF COMMUNITY SOLAR AND DISTRIBUTED GENERATION ....................................................... 125 A. Introduction to Solar Energy Concepts, Tax Credits, and Costs ................................................................................... 127 B. What is...

Much of human behavior is directed toward goals: fi nding food, selling services, curing cancer, making meaning. Achieving goals requires action. Action requires effort. Effort requires energy and attention applied over time. Effort overcomes obstacles. Obstacles tax our patience, sap our resolve, and cause us stress. English (as well as many other languages) includes many metaphors that frame ...