The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the largest and most complicated subdivision of the peripheral nervous system. Its action is necessary to regulate many of the functions of the gastrointestinal tract including its motility. Whilst the ENS has been studied extensively by developmental biologists, neuroscientists and physiologists for several decades it has only been since the early 1990s that...

Electronic negotiation systems (ENSs) feature a wide range of capabilities for setting up and conducting negotiations between the parties (Kersten and Lai 2007). These capabilities include both communication facilities, as well as analytical features that help the negotiator to manage his/her preferences as well as inform decision making in constructing offers and assessing counter-offers. In t...

Our understanding of the physiology of digestion, absorption, secretion, and motility in the gastrointestinal tract has improved immensely. Today it is well established that the gross functions of the gastrointestinal tract depend on the coordination between the muscles, nerves and hormones. The enteric nervous system (ENS) is involved in most of the physiological and pathophysiological process...

The enteric nervous system (ENS), the intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract, is an essential component of the gut neuromusculature and controls many aspects of gut function, including coordinated muscular peristalsis. The ENS is entirely derived from neural crest cells (NCC) which undergo a number of key processes, including extensive migration into and along the gut, proliferatio...

Hirschsprung disease is a serious disorder of enteric nervous system (ENS) development caused by the failure of ENS precursor migration into the distal bowel. We now demonstrate that retinoic acid (RA) is crucial for GDNF-induced ENS precursor migration, cell polarization and lamellipodia formation, and that vitamin A depletion causes distal bowel aganglionosis in serum retinol-binding-protein-...

Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a rare but debilitating condition commonly resulting from resection of part or all of the inferior turbinate (Figure 1). The characteristic yet most perplexing symptom of ENS is the complaint of nasal obstruction despite objectively patent airways, termed paradoxical nasal obstruction. As benign as it sounds, the feeling of obstruction to nasal breathing can have a ...

Engineered stone (ENS) is a type of artificial composed wastes bonded together by polymeric matrix. ENS presents profitable alternative for solid waste management, since its production adds value to the reusing it as raw material and reduces environmental disposal. The present work’s main goal produce an based on quartz powder waste, glass packaging epoxy resin. were size-distributed fine sievi...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy (R-CHOP) has improved survival in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and weakened the prognostic power of the international prognostic index (IPI). We evaluated the efficacy of the IPI and revised IPI (R-IPI) in patients with DLBCL who were treated with R-CHOP, focusing on ext...

Distribution systems can be operated in multiple configurations since they are possible combinations of radial and loop feeders. Each configuration leads to its own power losses and reliability level of supplying electric energy to customers. In order to obtain the optimal configuration of power networks, their reconfiguration is formulated as a complex optimization problem with different objec...