Geriatric disorders, strokes, spinal cord injuries, trauma, and workplace injuries are all prominent causes of upper limb disability. A two-degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) end-effector type robot, iTbot (intelligent therapeutic robot) was designed to provide rehabilitation therapy. The non-linear control utilizing modified sliding mode (SMC) is presented in this paper. chattering produced by a conven...

Bio-sensors connect the biological world with electronic devices, widely used in biomedical applications. The combination of microelectronic and medical technologies makes diagnosis more rapid, accurate, efficient. In this article, current-mode biosensing front-end integrated circuits (ICs) for nanopore-based DNA sequencing are reviewed analyzed, aiming to present their operation theories, adva...

BACKGROUND M-mode is the echocardiographic gold standard to diagnose dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs, whereas Simpson's method of discs (SMOD) is the preferred method to detect echocardiographic evidence of disease in humans. OBJECTIVES To establish reference values for SMOD and to compare those with M-mode measurements. ANIMALS Nine hundred and sixty-nine examinations of 471 Doberman ...

dependence on computers and internet has given birth to digital literacy. however, research into its influences on the reading process is still in its infancy. to fill the gap, this study was designed to investigate the ways in which text presentation mode (paper vs. digital) affects reading comprehension, as well as reading attitudes. to this end, a sample of 30 male and female english major s...

in this paper, an optimal adaptive fuzzy integral sliding mode control is presented to control the robot manipulator position tracking in the presence of uncertainties and permanent magnet dc motor. in the proposed control, sliding surface of the sliding mode control is defined according to the information of position tracking error, derivatives, and error integral. in order to estimate bounds ...