Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) and sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors favorably influence the clinical course of patients with heart failure reduced ejection fraction. This study sought to mutual empagliflozin MRAs in EMPEROR-Reduced (Empagliflozin Outcome Trial Patients With Chronic Heart Failure Reduced Ejection Fraction). Secondary analysis that compared effects versus...

Abstract Background and Aims Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce cardiovascular events protects kidney function in type diabetes (DM2) patients. These benefits may partly be related to improvement of vascular function. In this study we examined the effects SGLT2i treatment on vasodilatory capacity patients with DM2. Method Using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controll...

SGLT2 inhibitors are glucose-lowering agents used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These agents target the kidney to promote urinary glucose excretion, resulting in improved blood glucose control. SGLT2-inhibitor therapy is also associated with weight loss and blood pressure (BP) lowering. Hypertension is a common comorbidity in patients with T2DM, and is associated with excess morbidi...

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) such as dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, and empagliflozin, are a promising new therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). SGLT2is can effectively reduce hyperglycemia thus improving glycemic control and they offer some beneficial effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system which can benefit patients with heart failure in additio...

INTRODUCTION The duration of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can adversely impact small and large vessels, eventually leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Failure of therapeutic lifestyle changes, monotherapy, and clinical inertia contribute to persistent hyperglycemia and disease progression. The aim was to review the complex pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes...