Emergency situations where lives are at stake, such as natural disasters, accidents, or serious fire, require low reaction times. Especially in sparsely populated areas the distance between the nearest emergency station and its disaster location may be quite large. In order to minimize reaction times, emergency communication is to be prioritized with respect to other network services. For enabl...

Emergency response plays an important role in reducing the loss of an accident. And the excellent plan is important to ensure the high efficiency of the emergency response system. However, actions of emergency response arranged in emergency plan can hardly be assessed before the plan is used. Stochastic Petri Net (SPN) is proposed to analyze the performance of emergency response for oil and gas...

the awareness of administrative organization of rescue and relief operation from spatial and temporal dimensions is pre requirement of rescue and relief. this subject and existence of accessible transportation networks that can save their performance after emergency situations are the most important parameters in efficiency of rescue and relief operation. the position of firefighting stations a...

Arguably, the natural gas transmission pipeline infrastructure in Iran represents one of the largest and most complex mechanical systems in the world. The optimization of large gas trunk lines known as IGAT results in reduced fuel consumption or higher capability and improves pipeline operation. In the current study, a single-objective optimization was conducted for Khormoj compressor station o...

This paper describes modelling of consequences of biogas leakage from a gasholder on agricultural biogas station. Four scenarios were selected for the purpose of this work. A rupture of gasholders membrane and instantaneous explosion of gas cloud, blast of gas with delay, emptying of whole volume of gas (without initiation) and initiation of gas with Jet-Fire. Leakage of gas is modelled by spec...

The system is made with main distributed components: First Level: Industrial Computers placed in Control Room (monitors thermal and electrical processes based on the data provided by the second level); Second Level: PLCs which collects data from process and transmits information on the first level; also takes commands from this level which are further, passed to execution elements from third le...

An electrochemical test station capable of operating at pressures up to 100 bars and temperatures up to 400 °C has been established. It enables control of the partial pressures and mass flow of O2, N2, H2, CO2, and H2O in a single or dual environment arrangement, measurements with highly corrosive media, as well as localized sampling of gas evolved at the electrodes for gas analysis. A number o...

We introduce a new measurement station that we established in 2005 in an observation tower at Puijo in Kuopio. At Puijo we measure several meteorological parameters, aerosol and cloud droplet size distribution, aerosol optical properties and trace gas concentrations. We summarize the research activities at the station during its three-year history and present overall results. We compare the res...

Toluene is widely used as an industrial solvent and is usually produced in the processes of making gasoline. Inhaled toluene may cause genotoxicity and other adverse health effects. This study aimed to ascertain the relation between blood toluene exposure and genotoxicity, as measured by sister chromatid exchange (SCE), by comparing gasoline station workers to controls. Mean blood toluene and S...

one of the most important problem and issues in metropolises is natural hazards and the earthquake is the most important of them in developing countries. according to this theme, comprehensive disaster management especially earthquake is an important factor to safe people life and evaluate risks by complete and update information bank, exact and modern hardware and gis and karmania hazard softw...