soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in vazroud watershed, which is located in the centre of the mazandaran province, iran. unfortunately, vazroud watershed like most iran watersheds don’t have recorded data and erosion and sedimentation gages to research, monitor and model soil erosion at large watershed. in order to assess the soil erosion risk, soil erosion modeling at the watersh...

The objective of this paper is to introduce and describe the concept of using airborne gravimetry by strapdown INS/DGPS to reference mapping products derived from Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) to the geoid. Calgary-based Intermap Technologies Ltd. is a digital mapping company that focuses on providing digital elevation models and ortho-rectified images using an interferometri...

the high hillsides of the tehran metropolis are prone to landslides due to the climatic conditions and the geological, geomorphologicalcharacteristics of the region. therefore, it is vitally important that a landslide susceptibility map of the region be prepared. for thispurpose, thematic layers including landslide inventory, lithology, slope, aspect, curvature, distance to stream, distance to ...

A method is presented that can render glossy reflections with arbitrary isotropic bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs) at interactive rates using texture mapping. This method is based on the well-known environment map technique for specular reflections. Our approach uses a singleor multilobe representation of bidirectional reflectance distribution functions, where the shape ...

Abstract In order to make full use of the topographic map with DWG format and construct 3D terrain model, a new 3D terrain model generation algorithm based on conversion technology is put forward. Firstly, by processing the topographic map with DWG format, we can get the standardized data which can be stored in spatial database. Secondly, the elevation points and the elevation data note text ar...

When planning the most efficient route from one location to another, people tend to prefer southern routes over northern routes of equal length and complexity. This asymmetry has been attributed to implicit associations between cardinal direction and relative elevation (i.e., north = higher), and holds even when regional topography conflicts with these associations. No such asymmetry has been o...