After 2 or 4 mo of bed rest (6 degrees head-down tilt) and 1 mo of ambulation, there was a tendency toward a higher percentage of fibers expressing fast myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms and a de novo appearance of fibers coexpressing type I+IIa+IIx and IIa+IIx MHC in human soleus fibers. After 2 and 4 mo of bed rest, the mean size of type I fibers decreased by 12 (P > 0.05) and 39%, respective...

Extended analysis of the " penguin " part of K → ππ amplitude Abstract We make an attempt to clarify the role of the annihilation or " penguin " mode in the description of the K → ππ decay within the Standard Model. The attention is concentrated on new operators in the effective ∆S = 1 Hamiltonian and the violation of factorization for mesonic matrix elements of the local four-quark operators. ...

We present the implementation of the query function for the Penguin system. Penguin is an object-oriented database system that supports multiple object views on a relational database. It enables many applications to share a database using di erent object schemata. Also, users can take queries for the Penguin database in their applications, to retrieve objects on the heterogeneous data model. Th...

We report recent measurements of rare B meson decays by the Belle collaboration including branching fractions and time-independent partial-rate asymmetries. Emphasis is placed on the penguin mediated b → s transition, particularly, the recent discovery of the leptonic penguin decays, b → sll, in both semi-inclusive and exclusive channels. Comparisons are made between experimental results and st...

In this article, I review the most recent results in radiative penguin decays from the B factories Belle and BABAR. Most notably, I will talk about the recent new observations in the decays B → (ρ/ω) γ, a new analysis technique in b → sγ, and first measurements of radiative penguin decays in the B s meson system. Finally, I will summarize the current status and future prospects of radiative pen...

We present the query processing algorithm for the Penguin system. Penguin supports multiple object views on a relational database, so that data may be shared by applications with heterogeneous object schemata. Penguin also o ers an interface for the C++ language. We have developed a query processing algorithm for querying composite object views. The query algorithm takes a query on a composite ...

gies for determining the Unitarity Triangle in these modes. Computing the penguin parameters (r±,φ±) and the ratio of two trees (rt ,φt ) within QCD factorization yields a precise determination of (ρ̄ , η̄), reflected by a weak dependence on φ±, which is shown to be a second order effect, as in the Bd → π+π− system. Moreover, we find that the dependence on penguin amplitudes r± in Bd → ρ±π∓ is le...

We report on preliminary results of searches for penguin mediated B decays based on 20.7 fb −1 of data collected at the Υ (4S) peak with the BABAR detector at PEP-II. The following branching fractions have been measured: B(B + → φK +) = (7.7 −5.6 ± 1.7) × 10 −6 , where the first error is statistical and the second systematic. For several other modes we report upper limits on their branching fra...

The b → d penguin amplitude receives contributions from internal u, c and t-quarks. We show that it is impossible to measure the weak phase of any of these penguin contributions without theoretical input. However, it is possible to obtain the weak phase if one makes a single assumption involving the hadronic parameters. With such an assumption, one can test for the presence of new physics in th...

We review the effective Lagrangian of the Higgs penguin in the Standard Model and its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM). As a master application of the Higgs penguin, we discuss in some detail the B-meson decays into a lepton-antilepton pair. Furthermore, we explain how this can probe the Higgs sector of the MSSM provided that some of these decays are seen at Tevatron Run II and B-factori...