One method to manufacture high aspect ratio metallic microstructures is the LIGA technique. The acronym LIGA stands for the German words for lithography, electroforming and moulding. A resist layer (e.g. PMMA) is structured using deep X-ray lithography. The resist is developed and the resulting mould is filled with metal by electroplating. Though electroplating is an essential part of the LIGA ...

The Tera Electronvolt Superconducting Linear Accelerator TESLA is the only linear electron-positron collider project based on superconductor technology for particle acceleration. In the first stage with 500 GeV center-of-mass energy an accelerating field of 23.4 MV/m is needed in the supercon-ducting niobium cavities which are operated at a temperature of 2 K and a quality factor Q 0 of 10 10. ...

The mechanism by which Cu catalyst pretreatments control graphene nucleation density in scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is systematically explored. The intrinsic and extrinsic carbon contamination in the Cu foil is identified by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry as a major factor influencing graphene nucleation and growth. By selectively oxidizing the backside of the Cu fo...

Graphene was grown on low-cost copper foils (99.5% purity, 0.025 mm thick, Alfa Aesar product number 46365) using low pressure chemical vapour deposition. The foils were cleaned by electropolishing (10 s at 5 V, ~1.5 A) in an electrolyte containing orthophosphoric acid and urea, followed by rinsing in acetone and isopropanol. The growth was conducted inside a 1 inch diameter quartz tube under v...

In situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (TEM) research has increased dramatically in recent years [1-3]. However, due to the difficulty in sample preparation, liquid environmental TEM studies have been limited to materials such as nanoparticles or nanowires [3-5]. To date, no work has been reported on conventional metals/alloys in liquid environment. This is due to the significan...