Membrane electroporation is the method to directly transfer bioactive substances such as drugs and genes into living cells, as well as preceding electrofusion. Although much information on the microscopic mechanism has been obtained both from experiment and simulation, the existence and nature of possible intermediates is still unclear. To elucidate intermediates of electropore formation by dir...

Every time we blink our eyes, the image on the retina goes almost completely dark. And yet we hardly notice these interruptions, even though an external darkening is startling. Intuitively it would seem that if our perception is continuous, then the neuronal activity on which our perceptions are based should also be continuous. To explore this issue, we compared the responses of 63 supragranula...

The rapid growth of data traffic, caused mainly by increasing use of the Internet including recent expanded use of multimedia services and wireless access, has stimulated the demand for high-capacity photonic network systems. High capacity optical networks are based on a combination of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and time-division multiplexing (TDM) for purposes ranging from long dis...

This paper presents a new method, based on a multiple-model adaptive estimation approach, to determine the most probable shape of a resident space object among a number of candidate shape models while simultaneously recovering the observed resident space object’s inertial orientation and trajectory. Multiple-model adaptive estimation uses a parallel bank of filters, each operating under a diffe...

One of the new clinical techniques to assess the lower body parameters is the wearable ultrasonic sensors. The device which can measure the static and dynamic balance abilities in sport and clinical setting by the traveled signals of ultrasonic transmitter and receiver between two feet was developed and validated. The new device consisted of a pressure gauge and a digital centimeter indicator a...