In this paper I discuss economic processes that may give rise to spatial patterns in data, and explore the relative merits of alternative modeling approaches when data are spatially correlated. Specifically, I present an estimation scheme that allows for spatial random effects, and focus attention on cases in which such a framework may be preferred to the more general fixed effects framework th...

electronic government is a new concept that governments according to level of development implement in different ways. utilizing informational systems in business sections has created potential context for developing electronic government. customer relationship ‎management (crm) is an important system in management that helps to develop electronic government and promote citizenship-based in org...

to cope with the urban congestion problem resulted from rapid urbanization some cities are successfully using electronic road pricing policy as a demand management measure. in 1982, hong kong governmenttook initiative to experiment electronic road pricing in hong kong. though, the project outcome reveals that electronic road pricing could bring tremendous economic, social and environmental bene...

BACKGROUND Handheld electronic medical records are expected to improve physician performance and patient care. To confirm this, we performed a systematic review of the evidence assessing the effects of handheld electronic medical records on clinical care. METHODS To conduct the systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane library from 1966 through September 2005. W...

Background and Goal: ICT development in recent years has created excellent developments in human social and economic life. One of the most important opportunities to use information technology is in the medical field, that the result would be electronic health record (EHR).The purpose of this research is to investigate the effects information securi...

previous electronic commerce (ec) studies have found thatconsumer characteristics are important when considering issues related tothe acceptance of online shopping. however, most studies have focusedon a single product or similar products. the effects of different producttypes have been relatively neglected. to overcome this limitation, thepurpose of this study was to explore the effects of dif...

We assessed the effects of electronic collaboration using inter-organizational information systems (IOIS) on firm performance, particularly between dominant buyers and their suppliers. From the suppliers’ perspective, we examined ways in which higher levels of performance can be achieved by increasing the extent that they proactively participate in business activities using IOIS. We defined ele...