We reconstruct a 3+1 formalism of general relativistic electromagnetism, and derive the equations of motion of charged particles in the pulsar magnetosphere, taking account of the inclination between the rotation axis and the magnetic axis. Apart from the previous works where space charge is evaluated by assuming the flow velocity being the light speed, we analyze particle motion in the polar c...

Scaled experimentation is an important experimental approach but known to be limited by scale effects, which have the undesirable effect of changing behaviour a system with scale. Such behavioural changes can on occasions so marked as make scaled experiment almost worthless. Until very recently, there has been no universal solution this problem most experiments founded dimensional analysis and ...

The electromagnetic fields (D, H) represent contravariant components of an antisymmetric 4-tensor, while the (E, B) covariant same 4-tensor. Both sets are identical in Lorentz frames. governing equations for them balance flux D and B across open surfaces they invariant under arbitrary analytic transformation space time. This convenient property has motivated mechanicians to reformulate mechanic...