This paper discusses techniques for embedding and de-embedding the characteristics of two-port devices described by scattering parameters at microwave frequencies. Such techniques have wide applications in areas such as the measurement of the parameters of a semiconductor device mounted in a fixture, removal of the effects of cables, adapters, etc. and network analyzer calibration using variant...

A new technique to evaluate the dielectric constant and loss factor of a homogeneous dielectric material using rectangular shaped perturb cavity has been developed. The values of S-parameters are measured experimentally by placing the sample in the center of the cavity resonator. Sample under test is fabricated in the form of a cylinder. The real and imaginary part of the permittivity can be th...

− Quality control of vegetable oils is becoming more stringent, and related laws are being enforced, especially for avoiding adulteration. As a result, there is a substantial need for methods of analysis that could provide real-time in-situ monitoring, especially for quality control purposes during production process. In this regard, the present paper investigates the possibility of monitoring ...

Radiation propagating over cosmological distances can probe light weakly interacting pseudoscalar (or scalar) particles. The existence of a spin-0 field changes the dynamical symmetries of electrodynamics. It predicts spontaneous generation of polarization of electromagnetic waves due to mode mixing in the presence of background magnetic field. We illustrate this by calculations of propagation ...

Urban structure detection, in terms of both geometric and electromagnetic features, from a single High Resolution (HR) SAR image is, nowadays, an interesting still open challenge. Within this framework a possible approach to extract information from a single HR SAR image is presented. We first define a set of geometric and radiometric parameters measurable on a SAR image of isolated buildings, ...

Utilizing the Young’s double slits and Mach-Zehnder interferometer, we proposed an experimental method to measure the generalized Stokes parameters of a radially polarized random electromagnetic beam. After the partially coherent beam propagating through the Young’s double slits, the interference fringe is obtained by the help of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer consisting of apertures, quarter-wa...

BACKGROUND The growing use of transcranial electric and magnetic (EM) brain stimulation in basic research and in clinical applications necessitates a clear understanding of what constitutes the dose of EM stimulation and how it should be reported. METHODS This paper provides fundamental definitions and principles for reporting of dose that encompass any transcranial EM brain stimulation proto...

The higher frequency transient signals generated as a result of a power system fault or disturbance provide the basis for an alternative approach to power system containing connectors and cables result in unsuitable operation of the system. However one major challenge is the need to ensure that the transients to be neutralized by electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues and cabling routes. T...

Electromagnetic forming is a high energy rate forming process. In this process, an electromagnetic Lorentz body force is used for deformation of products. In this article, Electromagnetic forming process was simulated for assembly of parts as an innovative method. In this research work, the effect of important parameters of process such as discharge energy, radius and width of rectangular groov...

To reduce the effect from instrument error when getting characteristic parameters of branches of fruit trees by the electromagnetic tracking instrument, a calibration method was sounded based on a discussion of the instrument error of electromagnetic tracking instrument. Finally, the method was tested in an experiment. By comparing the data of the experiment and the standard data which was got ...