This paper presents an overview of the synthesis, chemical and electrochemical properties, and polymer electrolyte fuel cell applications of new proton-conducting polymer electrolyte membranes based on hydrocarbon polymers. Due to their chemical stability, high degree of proton conductivity, and remarkable mechanical properties, per ̄uorinated polymer electrolytes such as Na®on, Aciplex, Flemion...

Nanomaterials exhibit unique chemical [1-3], physical [47] and electronic [8] properties that are distinctly different from those of bulk materials and depend on size, shape and surface composition of the nanostructured materials. Nanomaterials of noble metals are finding worldwide interest in research communities [9-12]. Several reviews have highlighted the role of metal nanoparticles in catal...