We are using a laser engineering approach to develop and optimize hydrous ruthenium dioxide (RuOxHy or RuO2·0.5 H2O) pseudocapacitors. We employ a novel laser forward transfer process, Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation Direct Write (MAPLE-DW), in combination with UV laser machining, to fabricate mesoscale pseudocapacitors and microbatteries under ambient temperature and atmospheric condi...

The configuration of an autonomous decentralized manufacturing system using multi agent technology is proposed to get more flexibility. In this digital factory, all elements such as machine tool, assembly machine, AGV, and product are installed as agents. The product agents take the initiatives in the system. When a blank workpiece is put on the shop floor, the product agent is dynamically gene...

Real-time estimation of battery internal states and physical parameters is of the utmost importance for intelligent battery management systems (BMS). Electrochemical models, derived from the principles of electrochemistry, are arguably more accurate in capturing the physical mechanism of the battery cells than their counterpart data-driven or equivalent circuit models (ECM). Moreover, the elect...

With lead-free legislation impacting printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing, immersion silver (ImAg) finish is adapted as the top finish of copper trace on PCB due to its many advantages. However, it is easy for silver to form electrochemical migration (ECM) in high humid environment, so that the potential bias and spacing between adjacent circuits are limited. In addition, since the thickne...

The state of health (SOH) is critical to the efficient and reliable use lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, SOH estimation method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been proven effective. In response different practical applications, two models for are proposed in this paper. Aiming at equivalent circuit model (ECM) method, a variety ECMs proposed. Used EIS predict EC...

Conventional experimental methods for testing the performance of super-capacitors include measurement capacitance through charge and discharge, equivalent series resistance (ESR) self-discharge circuit model (ECM) by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). However, are not suitable mass production line supercapacitors since they require a long time test several kinds different instrument....