A finite element model was generated of a Søderberg electrode in a ferromanganese smelter. In this model, the casing and fins were modelled explicitly, and temperature-dependent material properties were included. A two-stage analysis procedure was used, the first part being a coupled thermal-electrical analysis using an applied DC current. As the casing material was non–magnetic, the DC current...

Electrical resistance is a material property that usually varies enormously with temperature. Constant electrical resistivity over large temperature range has been rarely measured in a single solid. Here we report the growth of Cu3NMx (M = Cu, Ag, Au) compound films by magnetron sputtering, aiming at obtaining single solids of nearly constant electrical resistance in some temperature ranges. Th...

In this work, we introduce a furnace-balancing scheme that generates an optimal furnace-side feed distribution that has the potential to improve the thermal efficiency of a reformer. The furnace-balancing scheme is composed of four major components: data generation, model identification, a model-based furnace-balancing optimizer and a termination checker. Initially, a computational fluid dynami...

Wear and corrosion has always had an adverse effect on the performance and service life of electrical arc furnaces. Every year, large amounts of money are spent on replacing the worn out parts of these furnaces which are no longer usable because of corrosion. One of the key causes of corrosion in electrical arc furnaces is the thermal radiation from the arcs. If the arcs are not properly covere...

The continuous improvement of EAF performance is crucial for the increase in productivity and cost effectiveness and to render an environmental friendly process. RHI supports these targets by providing a diverse range of refractory and process solutions. Chemical energy in practical operation by injection of gaseous media like oxygen and natural gas, and solid materials like carbon have become ...

In recent years the aluminum matrix composites are gaining wide spread applications in automotive, aerospace, defense, sport and other industries. The reason for this is their exciting properties like high specific strength, stiffness, hardness, wear resistance, dimensional stability and designer flexibility. The present work reports on mechanical properties and microstructure analysis of Al-Si...

A non-linear model has been developed for a gas-fired furnace in which oil is heated. The model is applicable from minimum to maximum heat load of the furnace. The dynamics of the model have been compared to experimental results, which were obtained for a pilot-scale furnace. They are in good agreement. A cascade control with feed-forward action has been compared to single feed-back control. Pr...