Failure detectors are one of the fundamental components for maintaining the high availability of vehicular cloud computing. In vehicular cloud computing, lots of RSUs are deployed along the road to improve the connectivity. Many of them are equipped with solar battery due to the unavailability or excess expense of wired electrical power. So it is important to reduce the battery consumption of R...

All electronic circuits generally use inductive elements, such as transformers, coils, or relays, and some applications, such as stepper motors, also have inductive loads. Unfortunately, the failure of switching devices in inductive circuits is a frequent problem and causes system failure. Switchingtransistor and MOSFET failure is common in motor drivers, switched-mode power supplies, and simil...

It has been known for over a century that electrical signals are produced by material failure, for example during crack formation of crystals and glasses, or stick-slip motion of liquid mercury on glass. We describe here new experiments revealing that slip events in cohesive powders also produce electrical signals, and remarkably these signals can appear significantly in advance of slip events....

The purpose of testing a circuit is to verify that it functionally matches its ideal behavior. If the behavior is not what is anticipated, it is considered failing. If the failing behavior is a result of a defective design, e.g. a “bug”, a serious re-design effort would be undertaken. This re-design is based upon knowledge of typical circuit behavior and re-design encompasses using a broad spec...

Two regulations, The Control of Wastage of Electrical and Electronic Equipment, and Directives Restricting the Use of Hazardous Substances, adopted by the European Union in 2002 and 2003 respectively, control the sale of electrical and electronic equipment in all 25 nation members and these regulations are going to influence other countries in the world. Giving increasing global awareness of th...

Electrical injury is a relatively infrequent but potentially devastating form of multisystem injury with high morbidity and mortality. Most electrical injuries in adults occur in the work-place, whereas children are exposed primarily at home. In nature, electrical injury occurs due to lightning, which also carries the highest mortality. The severity of the injury depends on the intensity of the...

BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for congestive heart failure patients with delayed left ventricular (LV) conduction is clinically beneficial in approximately 70% of patients. Unresolved issues include patient selection, lead placement, and efficacy of LV pacing alone. Being an electrical approach, detailed electrical information during CRT is critical to resolving these issue...

The objective of this work is to propose Pulsed Digital Oscillators as a possible tool for the in situ monitoring of MEMS in space applications. The reliability of MEMS devices is an important issue for space applications. These devices are prone to mechanical as well as electrical damages. Although extensive knowledge exists on the failure mechanisms of microelectronic devices, there is no sta...

Power quality is one of the major concerns and emerging issues in the present era. With increasing quantities of non-linear loads being added to electrical systems, it has become necessary to investigate the power quality issues as all electrical devices are prone to failure when exposed to one or more power quality problems. This paper highlights comprehensive review of the power quality probl...