In this study, a new variant of Particle Swarm Optimization, Electoral Cooperative PSO (ECPSO), is presented and applied into solving the Permutation Flow Shop Scheduling Problem (PFSSP). Firstly, an electoral swarm is generated by the voting of primitive sub-swarms and also participates in evolution of swarm, whose particle candidates come from primitive sub-swarms with variable votes from the...

Many studies on TV political advertising suggest the gender differences in reactions to affective aspect, both at level of liking and evaluation candidates. The article follows this trend, presenting an empirical study carried out Poland during 2015 presidential electoral campaign. results show We found that women are more susceptible changing perception candidates' images as a result influence...

This paper studies electoral coalition formation and quantifies its impact on election outcomes. I estimate a model of electoral competition in which: (i) parties can form coalitions to coordinate their candidate nominations, and (ii) parties invest in campaign activities in support of their candidates. The model is estimated using data from the 2012 Mexican Chamber of Deputies election, which ...

Decades of research on voting in American elections have consistently identified political parties as a predominant determinant of vote choice. Parties play a valuable role in helping voters overcome a lack of substantive information by providing them with low-information cues and shortcuts. However, in many elections, party cues are either absent (as in ballot measure elections and non-partisa...

This paper analyzes how US presidential candidates should allocate resources across states to maximize the probability of winning the election, by developing and estimating a probabilisticvoting model of political competition under the Electoral College system. Actual campaigns act in close agreement with the model. There is a 0.9 correlation between equilibrium and actual presidential campaign...

Elements of an economic theory of political institutions are introduced. A variety of electoral systems are reviewed. Cox's threshold is shown to measure incentives for diversity and specialization of candidates' positions, when the number of serious candidates is given. Duverger's law and its generalizations are discussed, to predict the number of serious candidates. Duverger's law is interpre...

Media-based campaigns have failed to engage the electorate. Few people find political campaigns interesting, nonvoters typically outnumber voters, and public evaluations of candidates, the press, and the political process itself are far from sympathetic (Popkin and McDonald, 2000; Patterson, 2000; Cook et al., 2000). This disconnect between modern campaigns and their intended audience can be tr...

We use Hotelling’s spatial model of competition to investigate the positiontaking behaviour of political candidates under a class of electoral systems known as scoring rules. In a scoring rule election, voters rank all the candidates running for office, following which the candidates are assigned points according to a vector of nonincreasing scores. Convergent Nash equilibria in which all candi...

election is one of the most important fields in which democracy can be made practicable. it is a criterion of the status and the level of people participation in the modern political systems. consequently, people can take part in the decision making, enforcement and surveillance of the territory administrative processes. in order to select the members of parliament, referring to the people vote...