OBJECTIVES Grandparents play an important role in looking after grandchildren, although intensive grandparental childcare varies considerably across Europe. Few studies have explicitly investigated the extent to which such cross-national variations are associated with national level differences in individual demographic and socio-economic distributions along with contextual-structural and cultu...

Social protection in Korea is designed around traditional forms of employment and excludes a substantial share workers non-standard employment. The resulting social gaps compound income inequality undermine financial sustainability as uninsured persons rely on tax-financed benefits. Besides, Korea’s tax benefit system discourages taking up or returning to low-paid work from assistance unemploym...

nowadays, women's participation in rural sustainable development is not considered as an optional issue, but a necessity. the societies downgrading the need for women's participation have faced failures, cuausing delay in sustainable development and the meeting of social security as well as social welfare. this applied research was aimed at clarifying the role of rural women's pa...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate wellness program participation before and after retirement. METHODS This retrospective cohort design compares 3 groups of employees: 1998-1999 retirees (N=6065), 1994-1995 retirees (N=5862), and 21,176 employees who were still active as of 2002. Participation was compared over 2 time periods for high-intensity and low-intensity programs. RESULTS Significantly differen...

The family division whereby men take charge of external affairs and women internal is deeply rooted in China. However, female labor participation surprisingly high, probably because the mitigating effect intergenerational support provided by elderly. As China’s baby boomers retire, this may change. Will affect women’s decisions? Research has focused on how maternal retirement impacts biological...