This paper presents an elastic demand extension of the fixed-demand simultaneous routeand-departure choice dynamic user equilibrium model originally presented in Friesz et al. (1993). Although Friesz et al. (2011) show that analysis and computation of dynamic user equilibrium with constant travel demand is tremendously simplified by stating it as a a differential variational inequality (DVI), t...

Macroscopic description of the diffusion of interstitial impurity atoms considering the influence of elastic stress on the drift of interstitial species Abstract The diffusion equation for nonequilibrium interstitial impurity atoms taking into account their charge states and drift of all mobile interstitial species in the built-in electric field and in the field of elastic stress was obtained. ...

The traditional mesoscopic paradigm represents DNA as a series of base-pair steps whose energy response to equilibrium perturbations is elastic, with harmonic oscillations (defining local stiffness) around a single equilibrium conformation. In addition, base sequence effects are often analysed as a succession of independent XpY base-pair steps (i.e. a nearest-neighbour (NN) model with only 10 u...

We discuss recent advances in mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints (MPECs). We describe the challenges posed by these problems and the current algorithmic solutions. We emphasize in particular the use of the elastic mode approach. We also present initial investigations in applications of MPECs to control problems.

It is shown that the force on a lattice defect in an elastic body is, like the force on a disclination in a nematic liquid crystal, a real force which, for equilibrium, must be balanced by an external force applied to the closed surface enclosing the defect.

We study numerical approximations of a recently proposed phase field model for the vesicle membrane deformations governed by the variation of the elastic bending energy. Both the spatial discretization for the equilibrium problem with given volume and surface area constraints and the time discretization of a dynamic problem via gradient flow are considered. Convergence results of the numerical ...

Figure 1. Evolution of the shear elastic modulus of the stoichiometric 8-H:8-AA hydrogel. Fitting these data to Equation 1, the equilibrium modulus, G eq , is 30 kPa unswollen. After swelling, this value declines to ca. 10 kPa, which was previously reported. The data are the open squares and the fit is the solid line.

Intracellular transport and cytoskeletal organization are the result of an interaction between elastic filaments and force generation by motor proteins. The observed phenomena are still too complex for a complete theoretical description. Studies on simple model systems reveal interesting collective phenomena which can be understood on the basis of driven stochastic processes far from equilibrium.

We consider periodic domain structures which appear due to the magnetoelastic interaction if the antiferromagnetic crystal is attached to an elastic substrate. The peculiar behavior of such structures in an external magnetic field is discussed. In particular, we find the magnetic field dependence of the equilibrium period and the concentrations of different domains.

Within the framework of the Helfrich elastic theory of membranes and of differential geometry, we study the relative stability of spherical vesicles and double bubbles. We find that not only temperature but also magnetic fields can induce topological transformations between spherical vesicles and double bubbles and provide a phase diagram for the equilibrium shapes.