Patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually experience expiratory flow limitation (EFL) during spontaneous breathing at rest [1]. As EFL reduces the effectiveness of expiration, it results in dynamic hyperinflation with consequent dyspnoea, which is one of the major complaints of patients with COPD. In these patients, the consequences of EFL are markedly increased ...

Digital era necessitates not only knowledge of content and teaching methods but also integration technology in language instruction. Covid-19 pandemic has constituted one the critical reasons that accelerated inclusion digital tools into practice. Using technological pedagogical framework, present study dwelled upon EFL instructors’ perceived TPACK levels probable changes they experienced their...

With their audio-visual capacity, linguistic and non-linguistic content, WhatsApp group video calls appear to have great potential for encouraging EFL learners' speaking development. However, the literature has yet establish degree which promote English learning motivation self-efficacy, reduce anxiety, authentic self-assessment, or urge teachers students improve digital literacy. Therefore, th...

The current study was intended to investigate the impact of Dynamic Assessment (DA) on promoting reading comprehension ability of Iranian male and female EFL learners, focusing on Guthke's Lerntest approach. In this study, the researcher used DA which unifies instruction with assessment to provide learners with mediation to promote their hidden potential during assessment. In this action resear...

Sleep-related disorders represent an important health burden and their prevalence increases with age. In patients with snoring or sleepiness, the presence of expiratory flow limitation (EFL), determined via the negative expiratory pressure (NEP) method, is related to the apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI). In this study, we examined whether EFL can be used to predict obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome...

In recent years, considerable concern has arisen over issues of intercultural competence (IC) in relation to English education in the fields of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or English as a Second Language (ESL), due largely to globalisation. However, relatively little qualitative research has been conducted on EFL teachers’ beliefs and their effects on classroom practices. Through in-dep...

BACKGROUND Expiratory flow limitation (EFL) is seen in some patients presenting with a COPD exacerbation; however, it is unclear how EFL relates to the clinical features of the exacerbation. We hypothesized that EFL when present contributes to symptoms and duration of recovery during a COPD exacerbation. Our aim was to compare changes in EFL with symptoms in subjects with and without flow-limit...

This paper considers theoretical issues and practical applications of teaching critical thinking in Asian EFL contexts (e.g., Japanese and Korean). In the first section, I present a definition of ‘critical thinking’ and argue that misconceptions regarding this definition have limited the teaching of critical thinking skills in Asian EFL contexts. The second section focuses on a specific critica...

A major gene for the number of days from sowing to appearance of the first flower (time of flowering) was identified in a cross between an extrashort duration chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) variety, ICCV 2, and a medium duration variety, JG 62. The F2 population was advanced through the single-seed-descent method to develop random recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Time of flowering was recorded f...