OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of cholesterol efflux capacity with carotid atherosclerosis and cerebrovascular disease. APPROACH AND RESULTS Patients with high-grade carotid stenosis (n=154) were recruited from Vascular Surgery clinics and 9 healthy controls from the McGill University Health Network, Montreal, Canada. Cerebrovascular symptomatology history was obtained. Stenosis was...

Opiates, like other addictive drugs, elevate forebrain dopamine levels and are thought to do so mainly by inhibiting GABA neurons near the ventral tegmental area (VTA), in turn leading to a disinhibition of dopamine neurons. However, cholinergic inputs from the laterodorsal (LDT) and pedunculopontine (PPT) tegmental nucleus to the VTA and substantia nigra (SN) importantly contribute, as either ...

1-Chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and ethacrynic acid were examined for the ability to inhibit unidirectional efflux routes in L1210 cells that extrude both methotrexate and cholate (system I) and methotrexate alone (system II). These electrophiles were selected for study because of their known ability to undergo rapid intracellular conversion to glutathione conjugates. CDNB produced typical i...

We have used dialyzed squid axons to characterize the ouabain- and bumetanide-insensitive Na efflux components and their relation to the operation of the Na/Ca exchange mechanism. In axons dialyzed with solutions containing nearly physiological concentrations of K, Na, and Mg, three components of the Na efflux can be distinguished: Cai-activated, Cao-dependent Na efflux ("reverse" Na/Ca exchang...

OBJECTIVE We investigated relationships between statin and niacin/statin combination therapy and the concentration of high-density lipoprotein particles (HDL-P) and cholesterol efflux capacity, 2 HDL metrics that might better assess cardiovascular disease risk than HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. APPROACH In the Carotid Plaque Composition Study, 126 subjects with a history of cardiovascular d...

AcrAB-TolC is the paradigm resistance-nodulation-division (RND) multidrug resistance efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, with AcrB being the pump protein in this complex. We constructed a nonfunctional AcrB mutant by replacing D408, a highly conserved residue essential for proton translocation. Western blotting confirmed that the AcrB D408A mutant had the same native level of expression of...

Soil C 0 2 efflux resulting from rnicrobinl and root respiration is a major cornponent of the forest C cycle. In this investigation, we examined in detail how soil C 0 2 efflux differs both spatially and temporally with rcspeit to stand age for loblolly pine (Pinus rrrecio LA.) plantations on the Virginia Pied~rront. Througlrout a 12-month period, efflux rates were rncasured both near the base ...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been linked to oxidation and nuclear efflux of class IIa histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in cardiac muscle. Here we use HDAC-GFP fusion proteins expressed in isolated adult mouse flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers to study ROS mediation of HDAC localization in skeletal muscle. H(2)O(2) causes nuclear efflux of HDAC4-GFP or HDAC5-GFP, which is blocked by the R...

Multidrug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective drugs used in tuberculosis therapy. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which resistance towards isoniazid develops and how overexpression of efflux pumps favors accumulation of mutations in isoniazid targets, thus establishing a MDR phenotype. The stud...

Maintenance of corneal hydration is dependent on the active transport properties of the corneal endothelium. We tested the hypothesis that lactic acid efflux, facilitated by buffering, is a component of the endothelial fluid pump. Rabbit corneas were perfused with bicarbonate-rich (BR) or bicarbonate-free (BF) Ringer of varying buffering power, while corneal thickness was measured. Perfusate wa...