Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) have double-stranded binding domains and a deaminase domain (DD). We used the MS2 system specific guide RNAs to direct ADAR1-DD target adenosines in mRNA encoding-enhanced green fluorescence protein. Using this transfected HEK-293 cells, we evaluated effects of changing length position efficiency conversion amber (TAG) ochre (TAA) stop codons tryptopha...

PurposeAnti-rejection immunosuppression is a persistent challenge in lung transplantation. We envisioned creating less immunogenic donor organs to obviate or reduce the need for immunosuppression. To induce expression of immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10, we aimed harness CRISPR-Cas-mediated genome editing. hypothesized that mutating regulatory region IL-10 could upregulation with practicality or...

BACKGROUND Plasmid-borne genetic editing tools, including the widely used CRISPR-Cas9 system, have greatly facilitated bacterial programming to obtain novel functionalities. However, the lack of effective post-editing plasmid elimination methods impedes follow-up genetic manipulation or application. Conventional strategies including exposure to physical and chemical treatments, or exploiting te...

The discovery and exploitation of the prokaryotic adaptive immunity system based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins have revolutionized genetic engineering. CRISPR-Cas tools have enabled extensive genome editing as well as efficient modulation of the transcriptional program in a multitude of organisms. Progress in the deve...

U-insertion/deletion RNA editing is a post-transcriptional mitochondrial RNA modification phenomenon required for viability of trypanosomatid parasites. Small guide RNAs encoded mainly by the thousands of catenated minicircles contain the information for this editing. We analyzed by NGS technology the mitochondrial genomes and transcriptomes of two strains, the old lab UC strain and the recentl...

Receptor editing is a major B cell tolerance mechanism that operates by secondary Ig gene rearrangements to change the specificity of autoreactive developing B cells. In the 3-83Igi mouse model, receptor editing operates in every autoreactive anti-H-2K(b) B cell, providing a novel receptor without additional cell loss. Despite the efficiency of receptor editing in generating nonautoreactive Ag ...