in this paper, various elementary properties of vague rings are obtained. furthermore, the concepts of vague subring, vague ideal, vague prime ideal and vague maximal ideal are introduced, and the validity of some relevant classical results in these settings are investigated.

In this paper, we obtain some upper and lower bounds for the general extended energy of a graph. As an application, we obtain few bounds for the (edge) Zagreb energy of a graph. Also, we deduce a relation between Zagreb energy and edge-Zagreb energy of a graph $G$ with minimum degree $delta ge2$. A lower and upper bound for the spectral radius of the edge-Zagreb matrix is obtained. Finally, we ...

notions of strongly regular, regular and left(right) regular $gamma$−semigroupsare introduced. equivalent conditions are obtained through fuzzy notion for a$gamma$−semigroup to be either strongly regular or regular or left regular.

A single mathematical theme underpins disparate physical phenomena in classical, quantum and statistical mechanical contexts. This mathematical “correspondence principle”, a kind of wave–particle duality with glorious realizations in classical and modern mathematical analysis, embodies fundamental geometrical and physical order, and yet in some sense sits on the edge of chaos. Illustrative case...

Let G be a chordal graph and I(G) its edge ideal. Let β(I(G)) = (β0, β1, . . . , βp) denote the Betti sequence of I(G), where βi stands for the ith total Betti number of I(G) and where p is the projective dimension of I(G). It will be shown that there exists a simplicial complex ∆ of dimension p whose f -vector f(∆) = (f0, f1, . . . , fp) coincides with β(I(G)).

We construct and study the unique random tiling of the hyperbolic plane into ideal hyperbolic triangles (with the three corners located on the boundary) that is invariant (in law) with respect to Möbius transformations, and possesses a natural spatial Markov property that can be roughly described as the conditional independence of the two parts of the triangulation on the two sides of the edge ...

A GaInAsP photonic crystal slab microlaser with an integrated passive waveguide was fabricated by a MOCVD butt-joint regrowth process. The boundary between the active and passive regions was optimized for high light transmission. In addition, the edge of the waveguide was designed to output a narrow beam, and the light detection was improved. Consequently, a maximum output power of 0.17 mW was ...

Given a simple graph G on n vertices, we prove that it is possible to reconstruct several algebraic properties of the edge ideal from the deck of G, that is, from the collection of subgraphs obtained by removing a vertex from G. These properties include the Krull dimension, the Hilbert function, and all the graded Betti numbers i,j where j <n. We also state many further questions that arise fro...

A edge 2-rainbow dominating function (E2RDF) of a graph G is a ‎function f from the edge set E(G) to the set of all subsets‎ ‎of the set {1,2} such that for any edge.......................

the evaluation of the edge effects of forest roads on ecosystem is very useful to understand changes from forest road. with this regard, in this research the effect of main forest road construction on regeneration and biodiversity of established trees in edge of forest road was investigated at 35 m distance into forest area. an existing 10 years old road segment, with same physiographic propert...