In established democracies, voters often evaluate incumbents’ performance based on economic outcomes. By contrast, in young democracies leaders are often thought to seek support by exploiting nationalism, exaggerating external threats, and manipulating the media. Such ploys are believed to work because voters are inexperienced and unsophisticated. Using time series data, I examine the determina...

Hobbes to Rousseau: Inequality, Institutions, and Development This paper studies the endogenous evolution of economic and political institutions and the interdependencies with the process of economic development. Favorable economic institutions in form of a social contract that ensures a state of law and the absence of societal conflict are not assumed exogenously under certain political system...

The strong international competition as the factor of rising economic development efficiency should not turn into destructive force for models of social orientation. What result Europe received from the accelerated integration without a long transition period of the accepted countries. Correlative relationship between the research and development expenditure and labor productivity, inflation an...

My wife leased a 2002 Acura MDX with one of the first OEM in-dash nav systems. I have been a convert ever since – we’ve leased four Acuras now with in-dash nav, and I will not own a car without it. The software has improved with every vehicle. Even in my hometown, I use the “go home” feature constantly. GPS user testimonial circa 2005. (Cooley, 2005) Jeff Robbins Rutgers University, USA GPS: A ...

Pathogenic bacteria express distinct sets of genes at different stages in their life cycles; inappropriate expression of normally repressed genes during host colonization can interfere with bacterial survival.