among others internal, regional, international, political, economic, technical, social and cultural factors are reasons that theorists introduce for beginning of integration at a region. by looking at the functions of the shanghai cooperation organization and the association of southeast asian nations (asean), we understand that there are two basic pragmatic factors, the support of the great po...

abstract the aim of the present research was to study the objective dimensions of security and the role of sport organizations in providing and developing security from the viewpoint of foreign sport tourists. the research was a descriptive survey. the statistical population (equal to the sample) consisted of foreign sport tourists participating in fajr international sport event (n=394). a rese...

This chapter surveys economic approaches for security metrics, among which we could identify two main areas of research. One has its roots in investment and decision theory and is mainly pursued in the field of information technology-oriented business administration. It has yielded a number of quantitative metrics that can be applied as guidelines in investment decisions as well as for the eval...

This paper reviews the prevailing concept of food and nutrition security and points at needs for concept revisions in order to more comprehensively depict causes and indirect consequences for the food and nutrition insecure, and guide policy actions. The state of realization of food and nutrition security is briefly presented, and the menu of policy actions for enhancing food and nutrition secu...

This paper provides a review of the economic literature on social security systems and of practical experiences with building social security institutions. The focus is on the design of the institutions, and on the complicated relation between social security, economic welfare and economic growth at the macro-level. The aim of this review is to provide lessons for building social security schem...

security building processes after world war ii, were under the influence of realistic thoughts. this was considered a reaction to idealistic and institutional approaches. critical school attempted to criticize classical and structural realism. new security theoreticians emphasize on extended subjects and diverse threats and believe it to be beyond the competition of countries. they believe that...

Real software systems are messy. They are too ill-specified and complex to reason about formally, yet they face, and must defend against, security threats that were never contemplated in their original design. To address these computer security challenges, we have turned to empirical methods. Computer security has evolved from a prescriptive engineering discipline into a experimental science th...